Mixing of ultrasonic Lamb waves in thin plates with quadratic nonlinearity

Li, Feilong; Zhao, Youxuan; Cao, Peng; Hu, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2018.02.005

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Generally, the nonlinearity of ultrasonic wave propagation in an elastic solid with microcrack comes from three main sources: the elastic nonlinearity of material [ 9 ], the geometric nonlinearity [ 10 ], and the contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN) (or the boundary nonlinearity of contact) [ 11 ]. In the field of NDE, there are mainly five techniques for nonlinear ultrasonic detection: vibration acoustic modulation [ 12 ], nonlinear wave modulation spectroscopy technique [ 13 , 14 ], nonlinear resonance technique [ 15 ], second-harmonic generation [ 16 ] and wave-mixing technique [ 17 , 18 ]. The second-harmonic generation based technique has already been studied numerically, analytically, and experimentally to detect the fatigue damage [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microcrack Orientation Using the Directivity of Secondary Sound Source Induced by an Incident Ultrasonic Transverse Wave

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Materials

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In this paper, characterization of the orientation of a microcrack is quantitatively investigated using the directivity of second harmonic radiated by the secondary sound source (SSS) induced by the nonlinear interaction between an incident ultrasonic transverse wave (UTW) and a microcrack. To this end, a two-dimensional finite element (FE) model is established based on the bilinear stress–strain constitutive relation. Under the modulation of contact acoustic nonlinearity (CAN) to the incident UTW impinging on the microcrack examined, the microcrack itself is treated as a SSS radiating the second harmonic. Thus, the directivity of the second harmonic radiated by the SSS is inherently related to the microcrack itself, including its orientation. Furthermore, the effects of the stiffness difference between the compressive and tensile phases in the bilinear stress–strain model, and the UTW driving frequency, as well as the radius of the sensing circle on the SSS directivity are discussed. The FE results show that the directivity pattern of the second harmonic radiated by the SSS is closely associated with the microcrack orientation, through which the microcrack orientation can be characterized without requiring a baseline signal. It is also found that the SSS directivity varies sensitively with the driving frequency of the incident UTW, while it is insensitive to the stiffness difference between the compressive and tensile phases in the bilinear stress–strain model and the radius of the sensing circle. The results obtained here demonstrate that the orientation of a microcrack can be characterized using the directivity of the SSS induced by the interaction between the incident UTW and the microcrack.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Microcrack Orientation Using the Directivity of Secondary Sound Source Induced by an Incident Ultrasonic Transverse Wave

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…In recent years, the non-linear ultrasonic technique has received attention for the reason that it is highly sensitive to material micro-structures whose dimensions are much smaller than the wavelength of an ultrasonic wave [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Li et al [13,14] conducted studies on monitoring the thermal aging of aluminum alloy and detecting the delamination of lined anti-corrosion pipes using non-linear acoustics, which demonstrate the sensitivity of the non-linear ultrasonic technique to the damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of Non-Linear Lamb Waves in Adhesive Joint with Micro-Cracks Distributing Randomly

Shui

Zhao

et al. 2020

Applied Sciences

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With the advantages of uniform stress transfer and weight reduction, adhesive joints are widely used in engineering. The propagation of non-linear Lamb waves in an adhesive joint with micro-cracks distributing in a random way is systematically investigated by using the numerical simulation method in this paper. A finite element model of the tri-layer adhesive structure with micro-cracks distributing randomly is established, and the Lamb wave mode pair with a matching condition of the phase velocity is chosen to examine the interaction of the micro-cracks with Lamb waves. The results show that the micro-cracks within the adhesive layer will lead to the generation of second harmonics. We also find that the Acoustic Non-linearity Parameters (ANP) increase with the propagation distance in the micro-crack damage zone and the density of the micro-cracks. However, ANPs are less concerned with the friction coefficients of the surface of micro-cracks. This numerical research reveals that non-linear Lamb waves can be employed to effectively characterize the micro-cracks related damages within an adhesive joint.

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“…There is an ultrasonic mixing technique in which ultrasonic waves having different center frequencies are mixed to generate a new center frequency ultrasonic wave. Ultrasonic mixing techniques include bulk mixing [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9] and guided wave mixing [10,11,12,13,14]. Ultrasonic nonlinearities measured through frequency spectrum analysis of received signals include system and material nonlinearities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study on Fatigue State Evaluation of Rail by the Use of Ultrasonic Nonlinearity

Zhu

Lee

2019

Materials

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Nonlinear ultrasonic testing has been accepted as a promising manner for evaluating material integrity in an early stage. Stress fatigue is the main threats to train safety, railways examinations for stress fatigue are more significant and necessary. A series of ultrasonic nonlinear wave experiments are conducted for rail specimens extracted from railhead with different degree of fatigue produced by three-point bent loading condition. The nonlinear parameter is the indicator of nonlinear waves for expressing the degree the fatigue. The experimental results show that the sensitivity of a third harmonic longitudinal wave is higher than second harmonic longitudinal wave testing. As the same time, collinear wave mixing shows strong relative with fatigue damages than a second longitudinal wave nondestructive testing (NDT) method and provides more reliable results than third harmonic longitudinal waves nonlinear testing method.

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Mixing of ultrasonic Lamb waves in thin plates with quadratic nonlinearity

Cited by 53 publications

References 33 publications

Characterization of Microcrack Orientation Using the Directivity of Secondary Sound Source Induced by an Incident Ultrasonic Transverse Wave

Characterization of Microcrack Orientation Using the Directivity of Secondary Sound Source Induced by an Incident Ultrasonic Transverse Wave

Propagation of Non-Linear Lamb Waves in Adhesive Joint with Micro-Cracks Distributing Randomly

A Study on Fatigue State Evaluation of Rail by the Use of Ultrasonic Nonlinearity

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