Mixing State of Submicrometer Sea Spray Particles Enriched by Insoluble Species in Bubble-Bursting Experiments

Park, Ji Yeon; Lim, Sang-Hyun; Park, Kihong

doi:10.1175/jtech-d-13-00086.1

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…This method of enriching the seawater with organic matter allows for natural dynamic ecosystem processes to shape the composition of the organic matter in the seawater, similar to the types of interactions found in natural phytoplankton blooms (Azam and Malfatti, 2007;Pomeroy et al, 2007;Teeling et al, 2012). While the total chlorophyll a concentration in these experiments is an indirect indicator of the autotrophic biomass, it is notable that various controlled SSA generation studies have shown that the amount of organic matter imparted to SSA is only a weak function of the seawater chlorophyll concentration, and depends instead on the amount and composition of organic matter in the seawater Collins et al, 2013;Prather et al, 2013;Park et al, 2014;Quinn et al, 2014). Total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations in the seawater were measured by means of the high temperature combustion method (Shimadzu Scientific Instruments) after acidifying the sample with 12N hydrochloric acid.…”

Section: Foam Production Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…These studies produce SSA from disintegrating foam in natural seawater or proxy materials mainly by means of sintered glass bubblers or plunging water jets. (Sellegri et al, 2006;Keene et al, 2007;Tyree et al, 2007;Fuentes et al, 2010b;Hultin et al, 2010;Bates et al, 2012;Park et al, 2014). Since it is well known that SSA is produced by the bursting of air bubbles at the sea surface (e.g., Blanchard and Woodcock, 1957;Lewis and Schwartz, 2004;de Leeuw et al, 2011), the differences between generation methods for SSA in the laboratory differ primarily by the method of bubble production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reports indicate that pneumatic atomization does not produce particles of similar physical or chemical properties to those generated by bubble bursting (Fuentes et al, 2010b;Gaston et al, 2011). Until recently, two different bubble production techniques have been utilized for laboratory studies of aerosol composition: (1) air (or N 2 ) forced through sintered glass filters ("frits") (Cloke et al, 1991;Keene et al, 2007;Wise et al, 2009;Fuentes et al, 2010b;Modini et al, 2010;Park et al, 2014), and (2) impinging water jets (Facchini et al, 2008;Fuentes et al, 2010b;Hultin et al, 2010). A new approach introduced by produces SSA using reproducible breaking waves in a linear wave channel filled with natural, filtered seawater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Controlled laboratory studies of the physical and chemical properties of sea spray aerosol (SSA) must be underpinned by a physically and chemically accurate representation of the bubble-mediated production of nascent SSA particles. Bubble bursting is sensitive to the physicochemical properties of seawater. For a sample of seawater, any important differences in the SSA production mechanism are projected into the composition of the aerosol particles produced. Using direct chemical measurements of SSA at the single-particle level, this study presents an intercomparison of three laboratory-based, bubble-mediated SSA production schemes: gas forced through submerged sintered glass filters ("frits"), a pulsed plunging-waterfall apparatus, and breaking waves in a wave channel filled with natural seawater. The size-resolved chemical composition of SSA particles produced by breaking waves is more similar to particles produced by the plunging waterfall than those produced by sintered glass filters. Aerosol generated by disintegrating foam produced by sintered glass filters contained a larger fraction of organic-enriched particles and a different size-resolved elemental composition, especially in the 0.8-2 µm dry diameter range. Interestingly, chemical differences between the methods only emerged when the particles were chemically analyzed at the single-particle level as a function of size; averaging the elemental composition of all particles across all sizes masked the differences between the SSA samples. When dried, SSA generated by the sintered glass filters had the highest fraction of particles with spherical morphology compared to the more cubic structure expected for pure NaCl particles produced when the particle contains relatively little organic carbon. In addition to an intercomparison of three SSA production methods, the role of the episodic or "pulsed" nature of the waterfall method on SSA composition was undertaken. In organic-enriched seawater, the continuous operation of the plunging waterfall resulted in the accumulation of surface foam and an over-expression of organic matter in SSA particles compared to those produced by a pulsed plunging waterfall. Throughout this set of experiments, comparative differences in the SSA number size distribution were coincident with differences in aerosol particle composition, indicating that the production mechanism of SSA exerts important controls on both the physical and chemical properties of the resulting aerosol with respect to both the internal and external mixing state of particles. This study provides insight into the inextricable physicochemical differences between each of the bubble-mediated SSA generation mechanisms tested and the aerosol particles that they produce, andPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Foam Production Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes

et al. 2014

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“…Although the transfer of insoluble species has been examined in the past, 48 concentration and emission of graphitic carbon from the SSML is a unique observation with implications for radiative transfer and carbon cycling between the ocean and the atmosphere.…”

Section: Reduced Aliphatic and Graphitic Carbonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Impacts on Carbon Speciation and Morphology of Sea Spray Aerosol

Pham

O’Brien

Fraund

et al. 2017

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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Sea spray aerosol (SSA) can have complex carbon speciation that is affected by biological conditions in the seawater from which it originates. Biologically derived molecules can also interact with other longer-lived organic and inorganic carbon species in the sea surface microlayer and in the process of bubble bursting. An isolated wave channel facility was used to generate sea spray aerosol during a 1 month mesocosm study. Two consecutive phytoplankton blooms occurred, and sea spray aerosol was sampled throughout. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy coupled with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM-NEXAFS) was used to determine spatially resolved carbon speciation within individual particles from 0.18 to 3.2 μm. During phytoplankton blooms, coarse-mode particles exhibited an increased abundance of carboxylic acid-rich needlelike structures. The extent of organic enrichment in fine-mode particles correlates with the occurrence of aliphatic-rich organic species, as detected by an intense C 1s → σ(C−H)* excitation. These aliphatic-rich species had a strong association with graphitic carbon, as detected by a C 1s → σ* exciton excitation. This enrichment was unique to particles collected in the aerodynamic size range 0.18−0.32 μm and corresponded with the decrease in hygroscopicity. Aliphatic organics can significantly suppress the particle hygroscopicity when they replace salt, thus influencing the effect of sea spray aerosol on light scattering and cloud formation. These results suggest that graphitic carbon is concentrated in the sea surface microlayer during phytoplankton blooms and released through wave action. These results may have implications for radiative transfer and carbon cycling in the ocean−atmosphere system.

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“…[15] Sea spray aerosol has been shown to comprise more than just sodium chloride; it contains other inorganic salts as well as biologically produced organic species. [16] While the majority of submicrometre SSA particles contain mostly sea salts (i.e. NaCl, KCl, MgCl 2 and CaCl 2 ), SSA particles contain increasing levels of organic species (relative to inorganic species) as particle diameter decreases to submicrometre sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of anions on the surface organisation of lipid monolayers at the air–water interface

Wang

2017

Environ. Chem.

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Environmental context. Lipids released from lysis of phytoplankton cells are enriched in the sea surface microlayer. Such surface-active organics can be transferred through bursting bubbles to sea-spray aerosols where they can influence atmospheric chemistry. The results presented here suggest that phospholipids combine more readily with SO 4 2À than with Br À , leading to enrichment of organic-coated sulfate salts in marine aerosols.Abstract. Inorganic salts and organic matter are known to be present at higher levels in the sea surface microlayer and marine aerosols; however, the impact of common anions on their surface properties is not well understood. Here, a 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) monolayer was enriched with the sodium and ammonium salts of different anions (Br À , Cl À , NO 3 À , SO 4 2À , CH 3 COO À , and HCO 3 À ), and the effects on the surface properties of the monolayer were investigated. The monolayer phase behaviour and the structure of the lipid phases were studied by surface pressure-area (p-A) isotherms and infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS). The presence of salts in the subphase was found to increase the surface pressure of the DPPC monolayer at a fixed area per molecule. The effect of the anions follows the order of the Hofmeister series. The higher concentration of salt solution caused the p-A isotherm to shift to larger area. The IRRAS spectra demonstrate that the ordering of the DPPC molecules in the liquid condensed phase remains essentially unaffected, even at higher electrolyte concentrations. DPPC molecules combined with SO 4 2À could be transferred from the ocean to sea spray aerosol. The present study finds that the anions have significant influence on the surface organisation and, consequently, the interfacial properties, of the surface-active species at the air-water interface, a finding that has further implications for atmospheric aerosol nucleation.

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Mixing State of Submicrometer Sea Spray Particles Enriched by Insoluble Species in Bubble-Bursting Experiments

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes

Direct aerosol chemical composition measurements to evaluate the physicochemical differences between controlled sea spray aerosol generation schemes

Biological Impacts on Carbon Speciation and Morphology of Sea Spray Aerosol

Impact of anions on the surface organisation of lipid monolayers at the air–water interface

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