Mixotrophy in marine species of <i>Chrysochromulina</i> (Prymnesiophyceae): ingestion and digestion of a small green flagellate

Jones, Harriet; Leadbeater, B. S. C.; Green, J. C.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400032859

Cited by 94 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Evidence for dissolved iron use by mixotrophic phytoplankton-The three flagellates examined in this study were mixotrophic phototrophs that had been shown to ingest bacteria (Jones et al 1993;Maranger et al 1998) and to use them as their sole iron source in growth (Figs. 7, 8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct use of inorganic colloidal iron by marine mixotrophic phytoplankton

Nodwell

Price

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

108

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Three species of photosynthetic flagellates capable of phagotrophy (mixotrophic species) were tested for their abilities to use inorganic iron colloids for growth. Ochromonas sp., Chrysochromulina ericina (a coastal strain), and C. ericina (an oceanic strain) were grown in iron-free seawater supplemented with 1 M Fe-ferrihydrite (amorphous hydrous ferric oxide), magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 )/maghemite (␥-Fe 2 O 3 ), hematite (␣-Fe 2 O 3 ), or goethite (␣-FeOOH). Desferrioxamine B, an iron-binding siderophore, was used to reduce the concentration of dissolved iron in the colloid-amended media, and none of the flagellates were able to use its iron complex as an iron source under the conditions of the experiments. Both strains of Chrysochromulina grew at 35%-70% of their maximum rates with goethite, hematite, and magnetite/maghemite but were unable to use ferrihydrite. Ochromonas grew well with ferrihydrite but could not use any of the other forms. Thalassiosira oceanica (clone 1003) and Thalassiosira pseudonana (clone 3H), diatoms that could only take up dissolved forms of iron, were unable to use any of the colloids tested. The mechanism of iron acquisition by the flagellates appeared to involve ingestion of the iron colloids, because bacteria resident in the cultures were too iron poor to be a significant source of iron and were unable to use the iron contained in the colloids themselves. Variations in the sizes of the colloids were hypothesized to account for differences in their availability, independent of colloid chemical stability. The results provide the first strong evidence for direct use (i.e., without prior dissolution) of colloidal iron by mixotrophic phytoplankton and document a new pathway of iron acquisition that may be important for their survival in low-iron waters of the sea.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flagellates, Ochromonas sp., Chrysochromulina cf ericina, and C. ericina were mixotrophic species, capable of ingesting bacteria and other particles (Jones et al 1993;Maranger et al 1998). T. pseudonana was maintained in axenic culture, but cultures of the other isolates contained low densities of bacteria (ϳ10 4 -10 5 ml Ϫ1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct use of inorganic colloidal iron by marine mixotrophic phytoplankton

Nodwell

Price

2001

Limnology & Oceanography

108

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“…This point should be kept in mind when interpreting earlier studies of food uptake in mixotrophs (e.g. Jones et al 1993, Hansen & Nielsen 1997, Skovgaard 1998, Jeong et al 1999, Li et al 1999. Ingested carbon and photosynthate probably differ in the efficiency and pathways by which they are metabolized by a mixotroph and may have different fates within a cell.…”

Section: Gross Carbon Budgetmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the relative importance of feeding for survival and growth, and the influence thereon of biotic and abiotic factors. Light has been shown to have different effects on feeding activity in different species, varying from stimulation (Caron et al 1993) to inhibition of feeding (Jones et al 1993), but the effect of light on feeding can also be more complex (Skovgaard 1996a), or in some cases negligible (Andersson et al 1989, Jeong et al 1999). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Fragilidium subglobosum. I. Effects of phagotrophy and irradiance on photosynthesis and carbon content

Skovgaard¹,

Hansen²,

Stoecker³

2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Photosynthesis was measured for the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Fragilidium subglobosum grown with and without prey (Ceratium lineatum), at 5 different irradiances. Photosynthetic rates were measured in phototrophically and mixotrophically grown cultures by use of the single-cell 14 C uptake technique. Photosynthetic rates were reduced by 48 to 69% and cellular chlorophyll a (chl a) content was reduced by 13 to 67% in food-replete mixotrophic cultures as compared with strictly phototrophic cultures grown at the same irradiances. Under the same conditions, chl anormalized photosynthetic rates were thus 7 to 49% lower in mixotrophic cultures than in strictly phototrophic cultures. It is, therefore, suggested that either the photosynthetic apparatus becomes less efficient when the cells are phagotrophically active or the chl a-normalized photosynthesis is reduced because fed cells contain photosynthetically inactive chl a in their food vacuoles. When food is abundant, the greater part of the gross carbon uptake of F. subglobosum is acquired through phagotrophy even at irradiances saturating for photosynthesis.

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“…So far it has only been referred to as a 'small green flagellate' (Jones et al, 1993) and it is described here as the type representative of a new genus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%