Mixture Effects in Contaminant Reemission

Tondu, Thomas; Vanhove, Emilie; Roussel, Jean; Faye, Delphine

doi:10.2514/1.a33507

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Jean-François Roussel, 1 David Lansade, 2 Ludivine Leclerc 3 ONERA-DPHY, Université de Toulouse F-31055 Toulouse, France Carlos E. Soares, 4 John M. Alred, 5 Maxwell G. Martin, 6 Anthony T. Wong, 7 John R. Anderson 8 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91107, USA and Delphine Faye, 9 Guillaume Rioland 10 CNES -French Aerospace Agency, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, F-31401, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France Prediction of contaminant levels is paramount to controlling and reducing their impact on space missions. In the recent years, it has become clear that a real breakthrough could only be achieved through a change of paradigm, namely by going beyond the classical characterization of total contaminant mass and rather characterizing the various emitted chemical species individually, both quantitatively and chemically.…”

Section: Film and Silicone Adhesive Utilizing Astm-e-1559 Mass Spectr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However efficient as GC-MS species separation is, it cannot be implemented in situ and in real time. In this context, coupling of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with MS, even though it only implements a partial species separation, seems more promising and has been successfully used [2], [4]- [6]. Numerical processing of these rich MS data is just as challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Characterization of Polyimide Film and Silicone Adhesive Outgassing Using Mass Spectrometry

Roussel¹,

Lansade²,

Leclercq³

et al. 2023

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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The prediction of contaminant levels is paramount to controlling and reducing their impact on space missions. In recent years, it has become clear that a real breakthrough could only be achieved through a change of paradigm, namely, by going beyond the classical characterization of total contaminant mass and instead characterizing the various emitted chemical species individually: both quantitatively and chemically. This paper first reviews the methodology proposed to achieve this objective and then its implementation on two examples of materials (Black Kapton® and NuSil CV4-2946) on the basis of existing ASTM-E-1559 outgassing data (Garrett, J. W., Glassford, P. M., and Steakley, J. M., “ASTM-E-1559 Method for Measuring Material Outgassing/Deposition Kinetics,” Journal of the IEST, Vol. 38, No. 1, 1995, pp. 19–28) including mass spectrometry (MS) data. We show that the thermogravimetric analysis performed on the contaminant deposits (heating at 1 K/min) allows a good enough time separation of chemical species to analyze and often identify them through their mass spectra. In turn, the knowledge of the fragments constituting their spectra allows an improved analysis of the MS data collected during the initial outgassing phase. The outgassing time profiles of each of these chemical species then tells a lot about their actual outgassing physical laws. On the two studied materials, outgassing physics were found to be consistent with Fickian or non-Fickian diffusion rather than with residence time desorption. After confirming these findings with more specific and more sensitive experiments, the door will be open to greatly improve assessments of the contaminant amounts and nature in flight through realistic multispecies physical models.

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Section: Film and Silicone Adhesive Utilizing Astm-e-1559 Mass Spectr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Characterization of Polyimide Film and Silicone Adhesive Outgassing Using Mass Spectrometry

Roussel¹,

Lansade²,

Leclercq³

et al. 2023

Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets

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“…It also shows the existence of complex mixture effects in some situations. Fortunately other experiments with realistic contaminant mixtures stemming from real materials exhibited no such effects, which gives us some hope that such complex situation do not arise too often 5 . If they do yet, TGA-MS characterization of molecular species will greatly help detecting them, and maybe treat them quantitatively.…”

Section: Why Species Separation and Determination Is Neededmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling contamination at molecular level from elementary tests processing to flight contamination assessment

Vanhove

Mouysset

Grosjean

et al. 2020

Systems Contamination: Prediction, Control, and Performance 2020

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The numerical assessment of in-flight contamination is a global process, which needs consistent numerical processing of elementary ground tests and global modeling of in-orbit situations. If the traditional physical approach of Europe is followed, both sides must make use of consistent physical models, and upgrade them consistently. This article presents recent progress performed at ONERA, in collaboration with CNES, in this respect.For this physical approach, elementary material outgassing tests aim at characterizing each chemical species independently, based on TGA / MS coupling for in situ characterization. Processing large data sets of mass peaks versus time, and interpreting them as resulting from a few outgassed chemical species, each one with its own mass spectrum, requires heavy computations and smart algorithms. The first results shown here are very promising. QCM and mass spec data acquired during TGAs where fitted with very convincing models for deposit reemission and mass spectra for the reemitted species that were identified with database spectra. This makes us confident in the next step consisting in similarly interpreting outgassing QCM + MS measurements in term of discriminated species, although they are all outgassed simultaneously in that case.

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“…Older publications announced the working program [4] and first promising results [5] obtained by ONERA, in collaboration with CNES or sometimes ESA. Later activities dug into the physics of contaminant deposits and their reemission [6], species separation [7] or outgassing again [8][9] [10]. More recently, JPL also joined the effort in that direction, and it was showed that processing existing ASTM-E-1559 data could also lead to species separation provided that good enough Mass Spectrometry (MS) data were collected during the tests [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of contaminant species by TGA/MS in European and U.S. approaches to outgassing

Lansade

Roussel

Alred

et al. 2022

Space Systems Contamination: Prediction, Control, and Performance 2022

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Well-established procedures for the characterization of contamination during outgassing usually involve total mass measurements through quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Recently, the addition of mass spectrometry (MS) measurements to these data has become more common. The combination of both high sensitivity QCM and MS data may lead to a better understanding of the physics taking place during outgassing contamination processes. The way to do so is to complement the basic measurements of total mass loss on QCMs by the identification of each species and the quantitative determination of each species contribution.In a first characterization step, the thermogravimetric analysis of contaminants deposited on QCMs allows a partial species separation that helps exploiting mass spectrometry data. In return, these data permit a finer species separation. The key to these measurements is to obtain sufficient signal to noise ratio in the mass spectrometer. Though outgassing of space materials is not done the same way in Europe (multi-temperature steps, ECSS-Q-TM-70-52A) and in the US (isothermal, ASTM E-1559-09), both tests could be used to perform a first species separation, as reported here. Most species outgassed by a few common materials were identified (and quantified) through TGA and MS coupling. As reported in a companion paper, the knowledge of these species' spectra then allows the analysis of the MS data during the initial outgassing phase, determining the quantitative outgassing of each species and leading to the improved comprehension of the physical laws ruling outgassing.

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Mixture Effects in Contaminant Reemission

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular Characterization of Polyimide Film and Silicone Adhesive Outgassing Using Mass Spectrometry

Molecular Characterization of Polyimide Film and Silicone Adhesive Outgassing Using Mass Spectrometry

Modeling contamination at molecular level from elementary tests processing to flight contamination assessment

Separation of contaminant species by TGA/MS in European and U.S. approaches to outgassing

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