MLR and experimental testing for characterization and classification of damage resistance of maize hybrids based on mechanical properties

Su, Yuan; Cui, Tao; Zhang, Dongxing; Xia, Guoyi; Gao, Xiaowei; He, Xin; Yang, Xu

doi:10.1111/jfpe.13262

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The rotating speed of HANDY is 1800 rpm with the curved centrifugal disc. The BI obtained for the same maize kernels, As shown in Fig.9b For maize kernel materials, the lower the moisture content, the higher the hardness and brittleness [14]. Therefore, the mechanical characteristics of kernels are brittle and hard in stage I, which makes it more likely to break into small pieces.…”

Section: Handy Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various testing methodologies for predicting the crushing resistance of maize kernels have been presented, the methodologies include compression method [5][6], drop method [7], pendulum method [8] and breakage susceptibility method [9][10]. In addition, several researchers have sought to establish correlations between various morphological [11], chemical [12][13], mechanical properties [14][15], genetic or environmental [16] factors of maize kernels and breakage susceptibility (e.g., measurements of density, hardness, protein content, etc.). Unfortunately, the coefficient of determinations of the regression equations is unsatisfactory, or the results lack in making a comparative discussion from threshing aspect [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, several researchers have sought to establish correlations between various morphological [11], chemical [12][13], mechanical properties [14][15], genetic or environmental [16] factors of maize kernels and breakage susceptibility (e.g., measurements of density, hardness, protein content, etc.). Unfortunately, the coefficient of determinations of the regression equations is unsatisfactory, or the results lack in making a comparative discussion from threshing aspect [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the predominant damage type of maize kernels in these test methods is distinctive cracks but that in mechanical threshing is fragments [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HANDY: A Device for Assessing Resistance to Mechanical Crushing of Maize Kernel

Su¹,

Xu²,

Cui

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: How to reduce the physical damage during maize kernel harvesting is a major problem for both mechanical designers and plant breeders. A limitation of addressing this problem is the lack of a reliable method for assessing kernel damage susceptibility. Previous methods of testing kernel strength lack in make a comparative discussion from the viewpoint of threshing. The design, construction and testing of a portable tool called “HANDY”, which can assess the resistance to mechanical crushing in maize kernel. A device is designed and developed that can impact the kernel with a special accelerator at a given rotating speed and then cause measurable damage of maize kernel. These factors are varied to determine the ideal parameters for operating the HANDY. Results: Baseline testing of the HANDY is performed to determine the initial range of testing parameters. The result shows that the optimum number of test times is one for one group of maize kernels. Breakage index (BI, target index of HANDY), decreased as the moisture content of kernel increased or the rotating speed decreased within the tested range. Furthermore, the HANDY exhibited a greater sensitivity in testing kernels at higher moisture level influence on susceptibility of damage maize kernel than that in Breakage Susceptibility tests, particularly when the centrifugation speed is about 1800 rpm and the disc is curved type centrifugal disc. Considering that the mechanical properties of kernels vary greatly as the moisture content changes, a subsection linear (average goodness of fit is 0.87) to predict the threshing quality is built by piecewise function analysis, which is divided by kernel moisture. Specifically, threshing quality is regarded as a function of the measured result of the HANDY.Conclusions: The HANDY provides a quantitative assessment of mechanical crushing resistance of maize kernel. The BI is demonstrated to be a more robust index than breakage susceptibility (BS) when evaluating threshing quality in harvesting in terms of both reliability and accuracy. This study also offers a new perspective for evaluating the mechanical crushing resistance of grains, and provides technical support for breeding maize varieties which are suitable for mechanical harvesting.

show abstract

Section: Handy Test Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the predominant damage type of maize kernels in these test methods is distinctive cracks but that in mechanical threshing is fragments [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

HANDY: A Device for Assessing Resistance to Mechanical Crushing of Maize Kernel

Su¹,

Xu²,

Cui

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Various testing methodologies for predicting the crushing resistance of maize kernels have been presented, the methodologies include the compression method [5][6], drop method [7], pendulum method [8] and breakage susceptibility method [9][10]. Besides, several researchers have sought to establish correlations between various morphological [11], chemical [12][13], mechanical properties [14][15], genetic [16] or environmental [17] factors of maize kernels and breakage susceptibility (e.g., measurements of density, hardness, protein content, etc.). Unfortunately, the coe cient of determinations of the regression equations is unsatisfactory, or the results lack in making a comparative discussion from the threshing aspect [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HANDY: a device for assessing resistance to mechanical crushing of maize kernel

Su¹,

Xu²,

Cui

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: How to control the physical damage during maize kernel harvesting is a major problem for both mechanical designers and plant breeders. A limitation of addressing this problem is lacking a reliable method and model for assessing the relation between kernel damage susceptibility and threshing quality. The design, construction, and testing of a portable tool called “HANDY”, which can assess the resistance to mechanical crushing in maize kernel. HANDY can impact the kernel with a special accelerator at a given rotating speed and then cause measurable damage to the kernel. These factors are varied to determine the ideal parameters for operating the HANDY. Results: Baseline testing of the HANDY is performed to determine the initial range of testing parameters. The result shows that the optimum number of test times is one. Breakage index (BI, target index of HANDY), decreased as the moisture content of kernel increased or the rotating speed decreased within the tested range. Furthermore, the HANDY exhibited a greater sensitivity in testing kernels at higher moisture level influence on the susceptibility of damage kernel than that in Breakage Susceptibility tests, particularly when the centrifugation speed is about 1800 r/min and the centrifugal disc type is curved. Considering that the mechanical properties of kernels vary greatly as the moisture content changes, a subsection linear (average goodness of fit is 0.9) to predict the threshing quality is built by piecewise function analysis, which is divided by kernel moisture. Specifically, threshing quality is regarded as a function of the measured result of the HANDY. Five maize cultivars are identified with higher damage resistance among 21 tested candidate varieties. Conclusions: The HANDY provides a quantitative assessment of the mechanical crushing resistance of maize kernel. The BI is demonstrated to be a more robust index than breakage susceptibility (BS) when evaluating threshing quality in harvesting in terms of both reliability and accuracy. This study also offers a new perspective for evaluating the mechanical crushing resistance of grains and provides technical support for breeding and screening maize varieties that are suitable for mechanical harvesting.

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Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

Shahbazi

2022

Food Science & Nutrition

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The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage in minimizing mechanical damage to corn kernels during free fall. Kernels from a single lot of cultivar KSC 705 were evaluated for percentage of breakage using three drop methods (free fall, with cushion box, and with closed let‐down ladder) at five different moisture contents (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%), and three drop heights (5, 10, and 15 m). The results showed that the drop methods had a significant effect on the breakage sensibility of kernels. Sample kernels dropped without a ladder (free fall) had a significantly higher average percentage breakage of 13.80%. In the use of the cushion box, the average kernel breakage was calculated to be 11.41%, which was decreased by about 17% more than the free fall. Sample kernels dropped with the closed let‐down ladder had a lower average breakage of 7.26%, which showed that the closed let‐down ladder significantly helped to reduce mechanical damage to corn kernels by about 47% comparing free fall and by about 37% than the use of the cushion box. The amounts of kernel damage increased significantly with increasing drop height and decreasing moisture content, but the use of the cushion box and closed let‐down ladder systems somewhat reduced the adverse effect of the above factors. To minimize mechanical damage to kernels as they fall into the bin, a grain let‐down ladder should be installed in the bin so that it can receive kernels from the filling spout with minimum damage. Empirical models were developed for the dependency of damage to corn kernels due to the impact caused by free fall on the drop height and moisture content at different drop methods.

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MLR and experimental testing for characterization and classification of damage resistance of maize hybrids based on mechanical properties

Cited by 21 publications

References 20 publications

HANDY: A Device for Assessing Resistance to Mechanical Crushing of Maize Kernel

HANDY: A Device for Assessing Resistance to Mechanical Crushing of Maize Kernel

HANDY: a device for assessing resistance to mechanical crushing of maize kernel

Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

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