MLST Genotypes and Antibiotic Resistance ofCampylobacterspp. Isolated from Poultry in Grenada

Abstract

This study determined whether multilocus sequence types (MLST) of Campylobacter from poultry in 2 farms in Grenada, West Indies, differed by farm, antimicrobial resistance and farm antibiotic use. Farm A used fluoroquinolones in the water and Farm B used tetracyclines. The E-test was used to determine resistance of isolates to seven antibiotics. PCR of the IpxA gene confirmed species and MLST was used to characterize 38 isolates. All isolates were either C. jejuni or C. coli. Farm antibiotic use directly correlated with antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates. Almost 80% of the isolates from Farm A were fluoroquinolone resistant and 17.9% of the isolates from Farm B were fluoroquinolone resistant. All Campylobacter isolates from Farm A were tetracycline sensitive, whereas 35.7% of isolates from Farm B were tetracycline resistant. Six previously recognized sequence types (STs) and 2 novel STs were identified. Previously recognized STs were those overwhelmingly reported from poultry and humans globally. Isolates with the same ST did not always have the same antibiotic resistance profile. There was little ST overlap between the farms suggesting that within-farm transmission of Campylobacter genotypes may dominate. MLST typing was useful for tracking Campylobacter spp. among poultry units and can help elucidate Campylobacter host-species population structure and its relevance to human health.

CampylobacterSpecies Isolated from Pigs in Grenada Exhibited Novel Clones: Genotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Sequence Types

“…The high frequency of tetracycline resistance (61.6%) observed in this study differed significantly ( p < 0.001) from the resistance to tetracycline (19.6%, 10/51) observed in poultry by Stone et al (2013). Another study on sheep and goats in Grenada by Stone et al (2014) revealed resistance of Campylobacter isolates to tetracycline (30.8%, 4/13), which is also significantly lower ( p = 0.005) than the observation in this study.…”

“…most of the isolates belonged to ST-828 CC, which is mainly associated with previously reported isolates from agricultural and environmental sources and human clinical cases (Sheppard et al, 2010b). In Grenada, both Stone et al (2013) and Miller et al (2010) identified Campylobacter clones that belonged to the ST-828 CC in poultry; however, none of the STs in this present study was detected in their studies, nor in other animals, including goats and sheep . Furthermore, researchers in other geographic areas have reported the presence of STs in the ST-828 CC in human, poultry, swine, and cattle (Sanad et al, 2011;Kashoma et al, 2014).…”

“…Campylobacter infections in humans and animals have been documented in two neighboring islands of Grenada, Barbados (Workman et al, 2005(Workman et al, , 2006 and Trinidad (Adesiyun et al, 1992;Adesiyun, 1999). In Grenada, there have been no published reports on the prevalence of Campylobacter infections in humans, but studies on animals have shown that both wild and domesticated animals, including pigs (Ganchingco et al, 2012;Matthew-Belmar et al, 2015), sheep and goats , poultry (Hariharan et al, 2009;Miller et al, 2010;Stone et al, 2013), and mongooses (Miller et al, 2014), shed Campylobacter in their feces. There is no published information to date on sequence types (STs) of porcine or human Campylobacter isolates in Grenada. Molecular epidemiology is required to determine the likely sources of human Campylobacter infections (Wilson et al, 2008).…”

“…The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method uses the relative conservation in sequence of seven housekeeping genes in which variations are likely to be selectively neutral (Maiden et al, 1998). MLST analysis has been used to identify Campylobacter clonal complexes (CCs) and STs in mongooses (Miller et al, 2014), poultry (Miller et al, 2010;Stone et al, 2013), and sheep and goats in Grenada. The objective of this study was to identify the genetic clones of Campylobacter from young healthy pigs in Grenada and compare the results with previous studies in other animals in Grenada as well as studies from other countries.…”

Prevalence and Characteristics of <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Campylobacter</i> in Retail Poultry Meat in Japan

“…The degree of association between specific genotypes and drug resistance in Campylobacter and Salmonella strains remains a topic of debate. Some researchers reported that drug resistance is associated with specific genotypes (25)(26)(27)(28)(29), whereas others reported no such associations (30,31). Because the number of isolates analyzed in this study was limited, further studies should be conducted to elucidate the association between genotypes and drug resistance in Campylobacter more precisely.…”