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Palladium catalysts in the synthesis of local anesthetics (review)

“…Thus, it can be concluded that I should be hydrogenated in EtOH at 45°C over AV-17-8-Pd and AN-1-Pd catalysts, which are superior to the heterogeneous catalyst Pd/C with respect to selectivity and stability and can produce high-quality VII without special purification [7].…”

“…We demonstrated several times the ability in principle to perform simuntaneous hydrogenation of the nitro group and trans-esterification of the ester over Pd-containing polymers [7,16,17]. Hydrogenation of I and trans-esterification of the resulting VII was carried out over Pd/C, AV-17-8-Pd, and AN-1-Pd.…”

Determination of organic impurities in pharmaceutical preparations

“…Unknown and specified organic impurities are commonly identified using a mass spectrometer [117,124,[127][128][129][130][131]. Such selective detectors as electron-capture and flame-photometric detectors are used extremely rarely.…”

Determination of organic impurities in pharmaceutical preparations

“…Such selective detectors as electron-capture and flame-photometric detectors are used extremely rarely. Unknown and specified organic impurities are commonly identified using a mass spectrometer [117,124,[127][128][129][130][131]. The identification of specified impurities is particularly important when solvents of the first group are used.…”

“…In addition, the quality of information on the structure of the molecule can be improved using tandem MS. Soft chemical ionization makes it possible to obtain information of the molecular mass of the molecule. Methodological approaches to the determination of the structure of specific impurities in medicinal preparations using GC-MS were considered in several works [127,129,[131][132][133].…”