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Ueda, Mikito; Ohmura, Toshimichi; Konda, Shoichi; Sasaki, Takeshi; Ohtsuka, Toshiaki; Ishikawa, Tatsuo

doi:10.1023/a:1017559031176

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, Ueda, et al, 93 succeeded in controlling the composition of the Al-Ni-Cr ternary alloy produced from Lewis acidic AlCl 3 -[C 2 mim]Cl by using pulse techniques. By examining the partial current densities for Al, M 1 , and M 2 , we can gain considerable insight into the mechanism by which the ternary alloys, Al-M 1 -M 2 , are produced in chloroaluminate RTIL.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Tsuda

Stafford

Hussey

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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In this article, we review the progress in the area of electrochemical technology with Lewis acidic haloaluminate room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), such as AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and AlBr 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, and novel chloroaluminate mixtures consisting of AlCl 3 and polarizable molecules, e.g., dimethylsulfone and urea, during this decade. The number of researchers in the field seems to increase steadily, because now we can handle haloaluminate RTILs and their mixtures with other solvents and materials more easily than we could in the past. In this review, we have categorized the electrochemical technology based on these RTILs into two topics: electroplating and energy storage. In fact, much of the current research is based on work begun during the period from ∼1970 until the 1990's. Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), which is a name synonymous with room-temperature molten salts, have received considerable attention as novel reaction media, liquid materials, and starting materials for functional carbon material. (The name "ionic liquid" was arbitrarily chosen to represent what are actually salts that liquefy at temperatures below 373 K.) The interest in these materials stems from their favorable physicochemical properties, such as low-flammability, negligible vapor pressure, relatively high ionic conductivity, and high electrochemical stability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It is now common knowledge in the chemistry community that many RTILs are stable in air or even water. The "first generation ionic liquids" were difficult to handle because the typical anions known at that time, e.g., AlCl 4 − and Al 2 Cl 7 − , reacted strongly with moisture in the air. Only a very limited number of laboratories with special skills for handling them could effectively use these RTILs. No doubt, the flourishing interest in RTIL chemistry was heavily abetted by the discovery of air and water stable systems, i.e., the so-called "second generation ionic liquids".However, we should not devalue the first generation systems such as those based on quaternary organic halide salts and aluminum halides, e.g., AlBr 3 and AlCl 3 , known as haloaluminates. The reactivity of the haloaluminates as well as their adjustable Lewis acidity is precisely what makes them interesting and very versatile. By contrast, the second-generation "inert" ionic liquids, are just that: inert and nonreactive, both chemically and electrochemically. Furthermore, the ionic conductivity and viscosity of the haloaluminates, which are important factors for the electrochemical applications described herein, exceed those for the comparable second-generation RTILs. For example, the ionic conductivity and viscosity for 60.0-40.0 mole percent (or 60 mol%) AlCl 3 -1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 2 mim]Cl) are 17.1 mS cm −1 and 15.35 mPa s, respectively, at 298 K.8 (In the interest of brevity, we will refer to the composition of these ionic liquids by simply stating only the amount of the aluminum halide.) On the other ...

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confidence: 99%

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Tsuda

Stafford

Hussey

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3] This process is schematically illustrated in a paper by the present authors. 3 In that process, chlorination of the aluminum scrap by a chlorination cell reaction is the most important process because input energy can be reduced in the electrowinning process. An ionic liquid as the electrolyte for the cell is attractive because the electrode reactions of the active metals progress at lower temperatures in the liquid, and a lower operation temperature contributes to avoid evaporation of the AlCl 3 which is produced by the cell reactions in the ionic liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Output Current Characteristics of Different Density Graphite Cathodes for an Al-Cl<sub>2</sub> Cell in an 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride-aluminum Chloride Mixture Ionic Liquid

2018

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To enhance three phase interfaces on graphite cathodes in an Al-Cl 2 cell, graphite cathodes with different densities (1.27, 1.32, 1.40, 1.57, and 2.00 gcm ) were evaluated in an 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride -AlCl 3 mixture ionic liquid electrolyte at 313 K. The relation between current and cell voltage or power and current of the 1.27 gcm −3 graphite cathode showed the best performance among the graphite materials with 5 graphite densities in the cathodes investigated here. Surface profiles of the graphite by mercury intrusion porosimetry suggested that there are effective pore diameters for penetration of the electrolyte, lower density graphite has more pores on the surface than graphite with higher densities.

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“…[5][6][7] To prepare a uniform and thin coating on the substrate with low production costs, electrolysis was applied in a low-temperature molten salt for the formation of the coating. There have been a number of papers on the formation of alloy electrodeposits of Al-Cr, Al-Ni, Al-Mn, and Al-Ti from low-temperature molten salts [8][9][10][11][12][13]; however, no papers of electrodeposition of Al-Sn alloys have been located.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and structure of Al–Sn alloys formed by constant potential electrolysis in an AlCl3–NaCl–KCl–SnCl2 molten salt

Ueda

Inaba

Ohtsuka

2013

Electrochimica Acta

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To form Al-Sn alloys for bearing materials, molten salt electrolysis was performed in an AlCl 3 -NaCl-KCl molten salt containing SnCl 2 at 423 K. The voltammogram showed that the cathodic reduction of the Sn ions started at a potential of 0.5 V vs.Al/Al(III) in the molten salt showing that deposition of pure Sn was possible at 0.5 V.Co-deposition of Al and Sn occurred at potentials more negative than 0.1 V. The co-deposit was composed a solid solution of Al and Sn. The ratio of the Sn in the electrodeposits decreased with the potential from 100 at% at 0.2 V to 19 at% at -0.3 V.In the structural observations, electrodeposits with an alternate stacked structure of Al and Sn is obtained at -0.075V.

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Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Review—Electrochemical Surface Finishing and Energy Storage Technology with Room-Temperature Haloaluminate Ionic Liquids and Mixtures

Output Current Characteristics of Different Density Graphite Cathodes for an Al-Cl<sub>2</sub> Cell in an 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride-aluminum Chloride Mixture Ionic Liquid

Composition and structure of Al–Sn alloys formed by constant potential electrolysis in an AlCl3–NaCl–KCl–SnCl2 molten salt

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