L- andM-shell ionization cross sections for 3-40-MeV-proton bombardments

Hafnium to thorium M-shell X-ray production cross sections by proton impact

“…The experimental data of M-shell X-ray production cross sections (528 data points) collected from the same references as indicated in the case of semi-empirical (Cipolla, 1995;Goudarzi et al, 2006;Mehta et al, 1982Mehta et al, , 1983Pajek et al, 1990aPajek et al, , 2006Rodriguez-Fern andez et al, 2002;Sera et al, 1980) for elements with 72 Z 2 90 by protons with energy from 0.1 to 4.0 MeV, are found to be universal in a logarithmic scaling when plotted as a function of the scaled velocity x M (Fig. 2).…”

“…In the first attempt, the semi-empirical M-shell X-ray production cross sections have been calculated by defining the normalized cross sections in the usual manner as S ¼ s exp / s ECPSSR , where s ECPSSR refers to our theoretical results of Mshell X-ray production cross sections calculated within the ECPSSR model by using the exact limits of integration (Liu & Cipolla, 1996) and the unperturbed nonrelativistic screened hydrogenic wave functions defined by Choi (1973) to evaluate the form factor (Johnson, Basbas, & McDaniel, 1979) and s exp refers to the experimental cross sections at our disposal of elements with atomic number 72 Z 2 90 collected from different sources (Cipolla, 1995;Goudarzi et al, 2006;Mehta et al, 1982Mehta et al, , 1983Pajek et al, 1990aPajek et al, , 2006RodriguezFern andez et al, 2002;Sera et al, 1980) (528 data points). Also, because of the non availability of the coefficients of CostereKronig and the fluorescence yields of the M i -subshells, necessary to convert the ionization cross sections to the X-ray production ones and vice versa, we used the ratios of the total X-ray production cross sections instead of the total ionization ones.…”

“…In the present paper, we attempt to calculate the semiempirical and the empirical M-shell X-ray production cross sections by using the ECPSSR calculations from this work and the available experimental data (Cipolla, 1995;Goudarzi, Shokouhi, Lamehi-Rachti, & Oliaiy, 2006;Mehta et al, 1982Mehta et al, , 1983Pajek et al, 1990aPajek et al, , 2006Rodriguez-Fern andez, Miranda, Ruvalcaba-Sil, Segundo, & Oliver, 2002;Sera et al, 1980) by proton in the energy range 0.1e4.0 MeV, for the whole range of elements (collective) with 72 Z 90 (about 528 experimental values) as well as for each element separately (individual).…”

Polynomial approximation to universal M‐shell ionisation cross‐sections induced by H+ and He2+ ions

“…Experimental M‐shell X‐ray production cross‐sections data found in literature are mostly presented as the total M‐shell X‐ray production cross‐sections . Only a few references present experimental results for the M α , M β and M γ X‐ray productions cross‐sections determined for H and/or He ions impact, which are the ones of interest for this comparison.…”

Z-dependence analysis of M x-ray production cross sections for heavy elements with 60≤Z≤90 by protons impact

“…In addition to the semi-empirical cross sections previously calculated [5], we tried, in the present work, to investigate our previous procedure, noted as 'Z-dependence', to deduce a new empirical M-shell x-ray production cross sections for a wide range of elements (60≤Z≤90) by proton impact (0.1-4.0 MeV). Moreover, the present calculation is done by using the updated experimental data collected from different sources [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Then, the obtained results have been compared with other earlier works.…”