<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:math>-particle induced<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>-ray transitions in light elements

Heaton, R.; Lee, H.W.; Robertson, B.C.; Norman, E. B.; Lesko, K. T.; Sur, B.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.56.922

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In Fig. 8 there appears the gamma radiation spectrum from the source, according to Heaton (Heaton et al, 1997), and Fig. 9 shows the experimental spectrum collected by the detector with the test.…”

Section: Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

A neutron activation technique for the analysis for fluorine in fluorspar samples

Sanchez

Rey-Ronco

Castro-García

2010

International Journal of Mineral Processing

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Section: Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

A neutron activation technique for the analysis for fluorine in fluorspar samples

Sanchez

Rey-Ronco

Castro-García

2010

International Journal of Mineral Processing

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“…Originally the design of the PSUP included aluminum, but careful measurements (43) taken at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory cyclotron determined that gammas produced by nuclear reactions induced by the inherent alpha radioactivity in aluminum would be unacceptable, requiring a complete change from the original aluminum design to a stainless steel structure.…”

Section: Photomultiplier Tubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Jelley

McDonald

Robertson

2009

Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.

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The solar neutrino problem arose when the first measurements of the flux of neutrinos from the Sun, taken by Raymond Davis, Jr. with a Cl-Ar radiochemical detector, fell substantially below the value predicted theoretically by John Bahcall. Bahcall's prediction came from a detailed model of the nuclear reactions powering the Sun. Resolution of the problem came three decades later with the observation of nonelectron flavors of neutrinos in the solar flux. The use of heavy water in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) experiment provided a means to measure both electron and nonelectron components, and the presence of the latter showed that neutrino flavor conversion was taking place—a hallmark of neutrino oscillation and mass. The solar models were vindicated, and the Standard Model of elementary particles and fields had to be revised. Here we present an account of the SNO project, its conclusions to date, and its ongoing analysis.

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“…7 Thick-target yields for the light elements have also been determined by irradiation of light-element samples in alpha-particle beams. 8,9,10 However, the gammaray yields obtained in the various studies are not directly applicable to the analysis of impure plutonium-oxide materials. The results depend on the experimental conditions, which include the chemical form of the element, particle size, sample size, density, and isotopic composition of the plutonium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A calibration to predict the concentrations of impurities in plutonium oxide by prompt gamma analysis: Revision 1

Narlesky¹,

Foster²,

Kelly³

et al. 2009

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Over 5,500 containers of excess plutonium-bearing materials have been packaged for long-term storage following the requirements of DOE-STD-3013. Knowledge of the chemical impurities in the packaged materials is important because certain impurities, such as chloride salts, affect the behavior of the material in storage leading to gas generation and corrosion when sufficient moisture also is present. In most cases, the packaged materials are not well characterized, and information about the chemical impurities is limited to knowledge of the material's processing history. The alpha-particle activity from the plutonium and americium isotopes provides a method of nondestructive self-interrogation to identify certain light elements through the characteristic, prompt gamma rays that are emitted from alpha-particle-induced reactions with these elements. Gamma-ray spectra are obtained for each 3013 container using a highresolution, coaxial high-purity germanium detector. These gamma-ray spectra are scanned from 800 to 5,000 keV for characteristic, prompt gamma rays from the detectable elements, which include lithium, beryllium, boron, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chlorine, and potassium. The lower limits of detection for these elements in a plutonium-oxide matrix increase with atomic number and range from 100 or 200 ppm for the lightest elements such as lithium and beryllium, to 19,000 ppm for potassium. The peak areas from the characteristic, prompt gamma rays can be used to estimate the concentration of the light-element impurities detected in the material on a semiquantitative basis. The use of prompt gamma analysis to assess impurity concentrations avoids the expense and the risks generally associated with performing chemical analysis on radioactive materials. The analyzed containers are grouped by impurity content, which helps to identify high-risk containers for surveillance and in sorting materials before packaging.

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α-particle inducedγ-ray transitions in light elements

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

A neutron activation technique for the analysis for fluorine in fluorspar samples

A neutron activation technique for the analysis for fluorine in fluorspar samples

The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

A calibration to predict the concentrations of impurities in plutonium oxide by prompt gamma analysis: Revision 1

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