MMPREDOX/NO Interplay in Periodontitis and Its Inhibition with Satureja hortensis L. Essential Oil

Abstract

Satureja hortensis L. is an aromatic plant with antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against periodontopathogens. Here, we attempted to find out whether the antioxidant properties of S. hortensis L. essential oil (EO) could be used to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities and prevent the induction of cell death by a pro-oxidant insult. First, a landscape analysis of MMP and REDOX/nitric oxide (NO)-related genes was performed (MRN model), and array data from periodontitis patients were plotted over the newly developed model. Thereafter, the antigelatinolytic activity of S. hortensis L. EO and its preventive effect against hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced cell death were tested in vitro (HaCaT cells). Up-regulation of MMP genes in the MRN network (except for MMP-10, -15, -16, -20, -25, and -26) and differential expression of genes coding for antioxidant enzymes were found among others in periodontitis samples. MMP2 and MMP9 were central genes in the MRN network model. Moreover, treatments with 1 and 5 μl/ml of S. hortensis L. EO inhibited both MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities, and H2 O2 -induced cell death in vitro. We concluded that S. hortensis L. EO could be a promising host-modulating agent, since oxidative stress and excessive MMP expression/activity are typical hallmarks of periodontal pathogenesis.

Salivary, blood and plasma nitrite concentrations in periodontal patients and healthy individuals before and after periodontal treatment

“…Thus, enhanced nitrate secretion may occur as a response of salivary glands to the inflammatory process [29]. Together, these differences among studies may originate from the selection of patients' characteristics, the source of NO production (endothelial NOS or inducible NOS), the redox system that generates NO [5], and the assay method [30].…”

“…Moreover, NO may increase or decrease MMP activity and expression depending on its concentration, or be affected by the cell-and environment-specific interplay [4]. Thus, the balance between reactive oxygen species and anti-oxidant systems is very important to avoid NO deleterious effects [5], like peroxynitrite production, which may enhance MMP activity, and promote S-nitrosylation of proteins and tissue damage [6].…”

Major Components of Energy Drinks (Caffeine, Taurine, and Guarana) Exert Cytotoxic Effects on Human Neuronal SH-SY5Y Cells by Decreasing Reactive Oxygen Species Production

“…Nowadays, systems biology/pharmacology/toxicology offers a number of computational tools that allow researchers to work with large amounts of experimental knowledge and databases for elaborating simulations or supporting hypotheses, that can be later confirmed in other models (e.g., in vivo or in vitro ) [11, 31, 58, 59]. …”

Effect of Chronic Periodontitis on Serum and Gingival Crevicular Fluid Oxidant and Antioxidant Status in Patients With Familial Mediterranean Fever Before and After Periodontal Treatment

“…In addition to cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by activated phagocytes are potentially deleterious to tissues 9 . The imbalance between ROS and antioxidants in the human body, which leads to oxidative stress, contributes significantly to many inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis, 10 diabetes mellitus, 11 and periodontal diseases 12 …”