mmS-TCP: Scalable TCP for Improving Throughput and Fairness in 5G mmWave Networks

Abstract

The millimeter-wave (mmWave) band, which can provide data rates of multi-gigabits per second, could play a major role in achieving the throughput goals of 5G networks. However, the high-bandwidth mmWave signal is susceptible to blockage by various obstacles, which results in very large and frequent degradation in the quality of the received signals. TCP, the most representative transport layer protocol, suffers from significant performance degradation due to the very dynamic channel conditions of the mmWave signal. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a congestion control algorithm that guarantees sufficient throughput in 5G mmWave networks and that does not significantly worsen TCP fairness. The proposed algorithm, which is a modification of Scalable TCP (S-TCP) that is designed for high-speed networks, provides a more stable performance than the existing TCP congestion control algorithm in mmWave networks through simple modifications. In various simulation experiments that considered the actual mobile user environment, the proposed mmWave Scalable TCP (mmS-TCP) algorithm demonstrated throughput up to 2.4 times higher than CUBIC TCP in single flow evaluation, and the inter-protocol fairness index when competing with CUBIC flow significantly improved from 0.819 of S-TCP to 0.9733. Moreover, the mmS-TCP algorithm reduced the number of duplicated ACKs by 1/4 compared with S-TCP, and it improved the average total throughput and intra-protocol fairness simultaneously.

Deep learning-based TCP congestion control algorithm for disaster 5G environment

“…The research recommends the Machine Learning Losses Differentiation Approach (ML-LDA) for managing cellular TCP overload [18]. To distinguish between transmission failures brought on by congested and wireless link characteristics, ML-LDA employs Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP).…”

“…The transmission UEs have unpredictable movement in the current 5G mmWave networking topology, which might cause connectivity issues. is created because of obstructions like trees or structures [21]. Fast-moving UAVs and camera operators covering catastrophe scenes are more prone to encounter these issues.…”

On the Performance of Transport Protocols Over mmWave Links: Empirical Comparison of TCP and QUIC

“…They compared it with TCP CUBIC and other congestion control techniques in terms of latency and throughput. Kim et al [23] proposed an enhancement of the scalable TCP algorithm based on an amendment of the congestion window mechanism to ensure appropriate performance in 5G mmWave networks without significantly affecting TCP fairness. Okano et al [3] analyzed the effects of a NLOS environment caused by human body obstructions, evaluating the throughput capabilities of 5G inside a train station.…”