mmunologic Abnormalities in β-Thalassemia

Asadov, Ch D

doi:10.4172/2155-9864.1000224

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Infections can be caused by a variety of factors, including blood transfusions, splenectomy, iron overload in the body, and immune system malfunction. Patients with β-thalassemia have been found to have a wide range of immunological disorders (Asadov, 2014, Ghaffari et al, 2011, Ghaffari et al, 2008, Farmakis et al, 2003. Blood transfusions are the most common treatment for thalassemia, although they have a ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 2022 number of side effects, including hemosiderosis, transfusion reactions, alloimmunization, and infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of persistent antigenic challenges and splenectomy on immune cells in β-Thalassemic patients.

Ishaq

Rasheed

Mohammad

2022

ZJPAS

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Infection is common in thalassemia patients and is one of the leading causes of death. It's still unclear why these individuals are so sensitive to infection. There is strong evidence that a deficiency in the functioning of phagocytic cells plays a key role in the weakened resistance to pathogenic bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the function of phagocytic cells by comparing the serum levels of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and Neopterin in thalassemia patients to healthy people. The study included 50 thalassemia patients and 30 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to estimate the serum levels of GM-CSF and Neopterin. Serum levels of GM-CSF were significantly elevated in thalassemia patients when compared to healthy people (p < 0.05), while serum levels of Neopterin showed no significant change between thalassemia patients and healthy controls. Both serum levels of GM-CSF and Neopterin showed no significant difference between Splenectomized and healthy controls. Total leukocyte counts, lymphocytes, MID (monocytes), platelets, and RBC were all significantly higher in thalassemia patients compared to healthy controls. But, granulocyte counts showed no significant difference between the thalassemia patients and the healthy controls. On the other hand, total leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets counts were significantly raised in splenectomized patients when compared to healthy controls and non-splenectomized patients, respectively. We came to the conclusion that thalassemia patients have a high immune cell count, which is most likely due to the antigenic difficulties posed by blood transfusions. On the other hand, these patients have an impaired immune system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of persistent antigenic challenges and splenectomy on immune cells in β-Thalassemic patients.

Ishaq

Rasheed

Mohammad

2022

ZJPAS

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection is the second most common mortality cause in thalassemia patients with the prevalence varying from 22.5 to 66% [ 3 ]. Predisposing factors for infection in thalassemia patients include severe anemia, iron overload, splenectomy, and numerous defects of the immune system [ 3 ]. Retrospective data from the Thailand E-SAAN study have shown that iron overload is the predictive factor for the development of severe bacterial infection [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retrospective data from the Thailand E-SAAN study have shown that iron overload is the predictive factor for the development of severe bacterial infection [ 4 ]. Various immunological defects as a result of iron overload have been observed in previous in vitro studies including changes in subpopulations of T lymphocytes by increasing cytotoxic T cells (CD8 + ), suppression and dysfunction of T helper cells (CD4 + ), reduce the activity of the complement system, impair immunoglobulin and inflammatory cytokines production, abnormalities in phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) [ 3 – 5 ], and defects in lysosomal function in monocytes/macrophages [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration of monocyte subsets and their functions in thalassemia patients

et al. 2022

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Infection is one of the leading causes of mortality in thalassemia patients. This study aimed to examine qualitative and quantitative changes in monocytes in thalassemia patients. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and separated into subpopulations by flow cytometry. Cytokine levels were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary endpoint was monocyte-derived TNF-α expression. A total of 78 patients and 26 controls were included. The mean log (TNF-α fold-change) by qRT-PCR was significantly lower in all thalassemia groups, at 1.27 in controls, versus 0.97 (p = 0.0014) in non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT), 0.96 (p = 0.0004) in non-splenectomized transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT-NS), and 0.87 (p < 0.0001) in splenectomized transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT-S). Similarly, the mean 2-h TNF-α level measured by sandwich ELISA assay was significantly lower in all thalassemia groups, at 98.16 pg/mL in controls, versus 56.45 pg/mL (p = 0.0093) in NTDT, 39.05 pg/mL (p = 0.0001) in TDT-NS and 32.37 pg/mL (p < 0.0001) in TDT-S. Likewise, TDT patients had a significantly decreased percentage of non-classical monocytes, by approximately half compared to controls. Our results show that thalassemia major patients have clearly impaired monocyte counts and function.

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“…Unavoidable liver iron overload in patients on regular blood transfusion, as well as HCV infection is displayed to have a potentiating impact on hepatic fibro genesis in Beta-Thalassemia patients [as in 6]. Many immunological disorders may be found in Betathalassemia patients [7], both the innate and adaptive immune replies are changed among that the damage of neutrophils and macrophage phagocytic and killing functions that effect on the production of some cytokines [as described by 8]. Interleukin-12 latterly distinguished cytokines that play a vital role in the induction for both of T-helper cell type 1 and T-helper cell type 2 [as in 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Frequency of Hepatitis C Viral Infections and its Correlation with IL-12 and IL-18 among Major Thalassemic Patients in Baghdad

Hamid

Hadi

2021

Egypt. J. Chem.

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Background: hepatitis C virus (HCV) is responsible for nearly 80 -90% of post-transfusion hepatitis in betathalassemia patients. This study aimed to evaluate the appearance of HCV infection in a set of Beta-Thalassemia patients in Baghdad and to assess the IL-12, IL-18, and serum liver enzymes levels among β-thalassemic patients infected with HCV. Methodology: A total of 150 sample included in this study, (70 male; 70 female) in Baghdad, 140 beta-thalassemia patients, and 10 healthy control group, from January to September, 2020. Sera of study populations were tested for anti-HCV Ab by ELISA and confirmed by western blot technique;the concentrations of IL-12, IL-18, AST, ALT, and APL were also measured. Results: 17.9% (n=25/140) of the major thalassemic patients were positive for HCV Abs.The median of serum concentrations for IL-12 in HCV positive thalassemic patients was 0.41 pg/ml which is lower than the corresponding medians of control group while the median concentration of IL-18 in sera of HCV positive thalassemic patients was 17.07 pg/ml, which is significantly higher (p<0.001) than the corresponding median in control group. The median concentration of AST in sera of HCV positive thalassemic patients was 71.0 U/L which was significantly higher than the equivalent medians in HCV negative thalassemic group and control group while. The correlation coefficient for anti-HCV Abs concentrations and their corresponding IL-12 concentrations is 0.084; while for the same antibodies with IL-18 was 0.0979. Conclusion:The prevalence of HCV infections is high among β-thalassemia major patients in Baghdad, especially among young adult patients. ELISA technique is a perfect choice for detecting anti-HCV Abs with very high sensitivity. Generally, the infected patients have decreased IL-12 concentrations, elevated IL-18 concentrations, and elevated serum AST concentrations.

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mmunologic Abnormalities in β-Thalassemia

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Impact of persistent antigenic challenges and splenectomy on immune cells in β-Thalassemic patients.

Impact of persistent antigenic challenges and splenectomy on immune cells in β-Thalassemic patients.

Alteration of monocyte subsets and their functions in thalassemia patients

The Frequency of Hepatitis C Viral Infections and its Correlation with IL-12 and IL-18 among Major Thalassemic Patients in Baghdad

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