Substantial amounts of the transition metals Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni can be substituted for Li in single crystalline Li2(Li1−xT x)N. Isothermal and temperature-dependent magnetization measurements reveal local magnetic moments with magnitudes significantly exceeding the spin-only value. The additional contributions stem from unquenched orbital moments that lead to rare-earth-like behavior of the magnetic properties. Accordingly, extremely large magnetic anisotropies have been found. Most notably, the magnetic anisotropy alternates as easy-plane → easy-axis → easy-plane → easy-axis when progressing from T = Mn → Fe → Co → Ni. This behavior can be understood based on a perturbation approach in an analytical, single-ion model. The calculated magnetic anisotropies show a surprisingly good agreement with the experiment and capture the basic features observed for the different transition metals.Magnetic anisotropy or magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) is a fundamental concept in solid state science affecting magnetic data storage, permanent magnets and the investigation of various basic model systems. In a simple picture, MAE is the energy necessary or reorient magnetic moments in a certain material. It's value is largely determined by the single-ion anisotropy of the magnetic centers. This anisotropy stems from the orbital contribution to the magnetic moment (either directly or indirectly via spin-orbit coupling). Significant orbital contributions to the magnetic moment and the resulting large MAEs are usually associated with rare-earth elements. In contrast, the orbital moment in 3d transition metals is normally quenched by the crystal electric field. Accordingly, the magnetic anisotropy of these elements is often small or non-existent.Recently, we have found a remarkable exception to this trend: iron, when substituted in lithium nitride, Li 2 (Li 1−x Fe x )N, behaves in many aspects like a rareearth element 1 . With an estimated MAE of several hundred Kelvin and, in accordance, an observed coercivity field of more than 11 Tesla this compound exceeds even the largest values observed in rare-earth based permanent magnets. Besides iron, other 3d transition metal substitutions were synthesized, in polycrystalline form, as early as 1949 by Sachsze and Juza 2 and have been subjects of ongoing experimental 3-10 and theoretical investigations [11][12][13] . It has been found that T = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu can be substituted for one of the Li-sites: the two-fold coordinated 1b Wyckoff site. Indications for an unusual oxidation state of +1 were also reported 2,5-7,14 . The transition metals carry a sizable local magnetic moment except for T = Cu and highly concentrated T = Ni 5,7,8 . Due to a lack of large enough single crystals, there has been no direct access to the anisotropy of the physical properties. Only recently we developed a single crystal growth technique that is based on a lithium-rich flux and is applicable to Li 2 (Li 1−x T x )N as well as other nitrides and lithium based compounds 14 . Here we present the magnetic a...