MN/CA9 as a novel molecular marker for the detection of cancer

Abstract

A major challenge in cancer detection is the limited sensitivity of techniques for the initial diagnosis and subsequent monitoring of tumour evolution. Recently, many studies have focused on the discovery of molecular markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. One promising molecular marker for cancer detection is MN/CA9. MN/CA9 is expressed in cancers of the kidney, breast, cervix, uterus, ovary, lung, oesophagus, stomach, colon, liver, pancreas, head and neck, bladder and skin, whereas its expression in normal tissues is limited to the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder and pancreatic ducts. MN/CA9 can be detected in cytological samples, as well as in bodily fluids, to aid in cancer diagnosis. The usefulness of MN/CA9 is also demonstrated for the detection of distant metastasis after surgery. As molecular techniques become routinely available, MN/CA9 is a powerful molecular marker in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

CA9 level in renal cyst fluid: a possible molecular diagnosis of malignant tumours

“…One to 12 were benign cysts; 13-25 were malignant cysts of clear cell cancer; 26-28 were malignant cysts of papillary cancer. The CA9 level in 7,13,14,15,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27 and 28 was >2140 pg ⁄ ml. tissue, i.e.…”

“…CA9 mRNA and protein are up‐regulated in many cancers in response to hypoxic conditions. CA9 is expressed in many cancer types, including uterine, cervical, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, breast, colorectal, lung, oesophageal, head and neck, and prostatic cancer 15 . CA9 expression is regulated by hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha.…”

“…CA9 is expressed in many cancer types, including uterine, cervical, ovarian, endometrial, bladder, breast, colorectal, lung, oesophageal, head and neck, and prostatic cancer. 15 CA9 expression is regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha. CA9 is considered to be a reliable biomarker for RCC.…”

High expression of HILPDA is an adverse prognostic prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma

“…[28] It controls intracellular pH and protects cancer cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis. [29] In many malignancies, CA9 is highly associated with hypoxia and is regulated by the transcription factor HIF-1α. [30] aberrant methylation of INS-IGF2 is highly susceptible to metabolic disorders associated with breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, diabetes and endocrine-related diseases.…”