(Mn,Co)3O4 spinel coatings on ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnect applications

Yang, Zhenguo; Xia, Guanguang; Li, Xiaohong; Stevenson, Jeffry W.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.08.048

Cited by 361 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…10 Schematic of the interconnect/cathode connection in an IT-SOFC stack lower than 0.1 Ω cm 2 ) [40]. The low contact ASR of the AL453/MC/LSCM/LSF/LSCM/MC/AL453 system in the 723-1,073 K range is comparable to the values reported by other researchers [14,15,18]. Its low value may mostly be attributed to the high electrical conductivity of the Mn 1.5 Co 1.5 O 4 spinel [23] and to the crack-free, strongly adhesive protection layer formed on the steel substrate (Fig.…”

Section: Methods Of Sample Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…where R is electrical resistance [18,27,28]. Since cobalt and manganese cannot be distinguished using X-rays, refinements were made with 50 % of Co and Mn at each crystallographic site.…”

Section: Methods Of Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). In order to ensure electrical contact between the cathode and the interconnect, a conductive LSCM paste was applied; the conductivity of LSCM at 1,073 K is greater than that of Mn 1.5 Co 1.5 O 4 (175 Scm −1 [18] vs. 90 Scm −1 [23]). …”

Section: Preparation Of Steel Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, and high electronic conductivity (low O 2− and Cr 3+ ionic content), the Mn 1.5 Co 1.5 O 4 manganese cobaltite spinel, which belongs to the family Co 3−x Mn x O 4 (with 0≤x≤3), is currently being investigated as a potential coating material for steel interconnects [13,14,18,19]. One of the simpler methods that may be used to fabricate thick films composed of this spinel is the cost-effective screen printing technique followed by appropriate heat treatment [20,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mn–Co spinel protective–conductive coating on AL453 ferritic stainless steel for IT-SOFC interconnect applications

Kruk

Stygar

Brylewski

2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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This paper presents research on the synthesis and properties of the Mn 1.5 Co 1.5 O 4 (MC) spinel powder, as well as its application for the preparation of a MC thick film on the AL453 steel to be used for metallic interconnect material in IT-SOFCs. In order to prepare the MC micropowder with excellent homogeneity of the chemical and phase compositions, EDTA gel processes were utilized. In order to improve the contact electrical resistance between an AL453 steel interconnect and the La 0.8 Sr 0.2 FeO 3 (LSF) cathode and protect the cathode from Cr poisoning, the surface of the AL453 steel was coated with a protective manganese cobaltite spinel matrix using screen printing in combination with an appropriate heat treatment. The oxidation of the AL453/MC composite layer carried out in the air-H 2 O gas mixture at 1,073 K for 55 h showed that the spinel coating may serve as an effective barrier against outward Cr diffusion from the AL453 steel and, therefore, significantly inhibit the formation of volatile Cr vapors from the chromia scale. The contact ASR study of the interconnect-cathode interface in the AL453/MC/LSCM/LSF/LSCM/MC/AL453 system carried out in the range of 723−1,073 K in air showed a very large drop in ASR compared to the resistance of the AL453/LSCM/LSF/LSCM/AL453 system without the spinel coating.

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Section: Methods Of Sample Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…where R is electrical resistance [18,27,28]. Since cobalt and manganese cannot be distinguished using X-rays, refinements were made with 50 % of Co and Mn at each crystallographic site.…”

Section: Methods Of Sample Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparation Of Steel Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mn–Co spinel protective–conductive coating on AL453 ferritic stainless steel for IT-SOFC interconnect applications

Kruk

Stygar

Brylewski

2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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“…The amount of chromium volatilization, and thus the associated cell poisoning, can be minimized by applying a ceramic coating to the alloy surface. One promising coating material system is the spinel (Mn,Co) 3 O 4 [1-4], which has been shown to reduce chromium volatilization [5,6].Although chromium can form a spinel phase with other transition metals, chromium has not been observed in the coating during use in a SOFC [7,8]. However, with time, interaction of the coating with the chromia scale or with other SOFC components can lead to changes in the coating composition, which can affect properties and thus performance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of SOFC Interconnect-Coating Interactions on Coating Properties and Performance

Fergus¹

2012

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The high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) provides good fuel flexibility which expands potential applications, but also creates materials challenges. One such challenge is the interconnect material, which was the focus of this project. In particular, the objective of the project was to understand the interaction between the interconnect alloy and ceramic coatings which are needed to minimize chromium volatilization and the associated chromium poisoning of the SOFC cathode.This project focused on coatings based on manganese cobalt oxide spinel phases (Mn,Co) 3 O 4 , which have been shown to be effective as coatings for ferritic stainless steel alloys. Analysis of diffusion couples was used to develop a model to describe the interaction between (Mn,Co) 3 O 4 and Cr 2 O 3 in which a two-layer reaction zone is formed. Both layers form the spinel structure, but the concentration gradients at the interface appear like a two-phase boundary suggesting that a miscibility gap is present in the spinel solid solution. A high-chromium spinel layer forms in contact with Cr 2 O 3 and grows by diffusion of manganese and cobalt from the coating material to the Cr 2 O 3 . The effect of coating composition, including the addition of dopants, was evaluated and indicated that the reaction rate could be decreased with additions of iron, titanium, nickel and copper.Diffusion couples using stainless steel alloys (which form a chromia scale) had some similarities and some differences as compared to those with Cr 2 O 3 . The most notable difference was that the highchromium spinel layer did not form in the diffusion couples with stainless steel alloys. This difference can be explained using the reaction model developed in this project. In particular, the chromia scale grows at the expense of the alloy, the high-chromia layer grows at the expense of chromia scale and the high-chromia layer is consumed by diffusion of chromium into the coating material. If the last process (dissolution of high-chromium spinel phase) is faster than the second process (formation of highchromium spinel phase), the high-chromium layer may be consumed. The other important result of this mechanism is that it could result in a constant scale thickness if the scale forms at the same rate as it is consumed. This helps to explain the unexpected observation that the area specific resistance (ASR) of a SOFC with a (Mn,Co) 3 O 4 -coated ferritic stainless steel cathode becomes constant after long exposures.The project also evaluated the possibility of reducing the chromium content in a stainless steel alloy using experimental alloys. The conclusion of this evaluation is that at least 17-18% chromium is needed for good oxidation resistance is needed even if the alloy is coated with a spinel coating.Additional details on these findings are provided in a later section of this report and in the publications listed below. Submitted in Near FutureGOALI project with NexTech Materials on SOFC coating materials, National Science Foundation, ~$300,000, 10...

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Impact of Protective and Contacting Layers on the Long‐Term SOFC Operation

Kusnezoff

Sauchuk

Girdauskaite

et al. 2009

Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells V

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(Mn,Co)3O4 spinel coatings on ferritic stainless steels for SOFC interconnect applications

Cited by 361 publications

References 13 publications

Mn–Co spinel protective–conductive coating on AL453 ferritic stainless steel for IT-SOFC interconnect applications

Mn–Co spinel protective–conductive coating on AL453 ferritic stainless steel for IT-SOFC interconnect applications

Effect of SOFC Interconnect-Coating Interactions on Coating Properties and Performance

Impact of Protective and Contacting Layers on the Long‐Term SOFC Operation

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