Mn Doping of BiFeO3 for Microstructure and Electromagnetic Characteristics

Augmentation of optical and magnetic characteristics at ambient temperature in bismuth ferrite-titanium (BiFe1–xTixO3) multiferroic compounds

“…This phenomemon is accompanied by an elevation in internal energy and stress, a condition that could be attributed to either an expansion in the grain boundary area or a reduction in grain size [8]. 110) of the BFO-xTi samples progressively merge into a singular peak near 2θ of 31.6°, which is characteristic of the pseudo-cubic perovskite structure [3]. Additionally, these peaks undergo a minor shift to the right toward a larger diffraction angle.…”

“…Concomitantly, BFO exhibits considerable saturation polarization and magnetic moment, the former at 90 μC cm −3 and the latter ranging between 8 and 9 emu cm −3 [1]. The ferroelectric behavior of BFO is attributed to the stereochemical activity of the Bi 3+ ion's 6s 2 lone pair, while its G-type antiferromagnetism is due to the superexchange interactions among Fe 3+ ions with half-filled 'd' orbitals [2,3]. Additionally, BFO displays an optical band gap proximate to 2.0 eV, which is conducive to applications in magneto-optical devices that can manipulate magnetic fields using light for purposes such as data storage, communication, and sensing [4,5].…”

Enhanced photocatalytic activity in Mn-doped multiferroic BiFeO3

“…Mn doping has been widely studied to improve the optical properties, functional properties, and performance of BFO in different catalytic applications. 10,35,[42][43][44] For example, earlier work showed that particulate BFO exhibits intrinsic photocatalytic water oxidation (PWO) activity without any cocatalyst, and the activity further increased more than three times when doped with Mn. 23,44 In addition, the effects of Mn doping on the electrical and functional properties of BFO have been already investigated in detail and are well documented.…”