Mn–Mo–W-oxide anodes for oxygen evolution during seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production: Effect of repeated anodic deposition

The Influence of Transitional Metal Dopants on Reducing Chlorine Evolution during the Electrolysis of Raw Seawater

“…Three sequential electrodeposition cycles of 20 min each at 80 • C were used to generate a homogenous catalyst layer. Figure 1 shows the resulting catalyst layer yielding complete coverage of the electrode surface by EDS, similar to prior work [22]. Electrodeposition at room temperature or with a continuous deposition at 80 • C generated incomplete and heterogeneous catalyst layers on the electrode surface.…”

“…In the neutral conditions of seawater [16][17][18], electrolysis studies are scarce and, instead, often incorporate additional buffering [19]. Historically, research in such media has focused on metal oxides primarily composed of Mn [20][21][22], Ni [16,23], and Co [19,20,24], often with additional elements, such as Fe or W. Considering abundance and a promising price point [24], we focus here on Mn-based oxides, which are stable and have demonstrated good Faradaic efficiency in a wide range of electrolyte pH. MnOx electrocatalysts (often supported on an IrO 2 /Ti substrate [25]) have demonstrated good selectivity (>90%) toward OER in chlorine-containing electrolyte, with the remainder of the current going toward CER and oxidative dissolution in the form of MnO 4 − [21].…”

MnO2/carbon nanowall electrode for future energy storage application: effect of carbon nanowall growth period and MnO2mass loading

“…Due to their excellent electrocatalytic activity than carbon materials, transition metal oxides have been extensively used in many electrochemical applications including supercapacitors during the past decades. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] MnO 2 , compared to the other transition metal oxides, is the most thoroughly investigated for pseudocapacitors on the basis of its high theoretical specic capacitance of 1370 F g À1 , relatively low cost and environmentally benign nature. [22][23][24][25][26][27] Being limited by its poor electrical conductivity, the theoretical specic capacitance of MnO 2 has rarely been achieved in any experiment.…”

Direct Electrolytic Splitting of Seawater: Opportunities and Challenges

“…The, they modified manganese-based electrode materials and gained high oxygen efficiencies while testing their catalyst in 0.5 M NaCl at pH 8. However, in later work they focused on selective OER at pH 1, but similarly to Bennett, Hashimoto and co-workers choose comparably low current densities of 1 mA cm –2 . − At higher currents of 100 mA cm –2 , El-Monheim tested an electrode made of Mn–Mo–W, which was electrochemically deposited on a Ti/IrO 2 net . Using a two-compartment electrochemical cell equipped with a three-electrode setup, this electrode was analyzed for up to 3500 h in a 0.5 M NaCl solution at pH 8.7.…”