Mn2+ -Doped CdO Nanopowder: Synthesis, Phase Conversion, and Characterizations via a Temperature-Dependent Mechanism

Insight into the crystalline structure, morphology, luminescence, and electrical conductivity of ZnAl2O4:xMn2+ (0 ≤ x ≤ 2.0 mol%) nanostructures

“…It reveals that every molecule has its vibrational modes and consequently synthesized powder samples manifest numerous intensive, medium, and wide infrared bands. The weak and wide band that occurs at 3437 cm −1 is assigned to the -OH group due to the water's existence in the spinel powder [8,18]. Further in undoped sample N0, two small bands positioned near about 1567 cm −1 and 1416 cm −1 are corresponding to the water and nitrate group of metal salts.…”

“…The sample has broadband due to the excitonic band edge of the spinel ZnAl 2 O 4 sample. The broadband mainly contributed by the band to band and defect levels formed in between the band gap of host ZnAl 2 O 4 [5,18]. It is suggested that an extra sharp and medium peak at 326 nm appeared in Mn 2+ doped ZnAl 2 O 4 sample devoted to the band edge absorption of the spinel host matrix [20,21].…”

“…In the undoped sample (N0), the luminescent intensity was too weak to be appreciated as depicted in figure 8(a). After the absorption of characteristic excitation energy, the electrons relaxed to their 4 T 1 lowest excited state energy and further transit to the 6 A 1 ground state [18] of manganese ions for a meeting the prominent green emission at 519 nm. It is observed that the intensity of green emission reached its maximum value after exciting at 456 nm.…”

“…It is stated that conductivity has increased with the temperature variation. Using the data of resistivity, the activation energy can be calculated by the following equation: Where K is the Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, and r is the notation for resistivity [17,18]. The linear fit was executed on the data plotted in figure 11(b).…”

“…The nanoparticles should be spherical in size and homogenously dispersed. The particle's surface should also be smooth as possible and possess a high degree of crystallinity [18]. These features are also depending upon the synthesis conditions and particular method of preparation.…”