“…This is due to the increasing complexity of the environment (Nohria and Ghoshal, 1994;Hoenen and Kostava, 2015) as a result of global trends such as the distinctiveness of customer desires, the increasing intelligence of data processing and new technologies in industry sectors (e.g., Deloitte, 2015;McKinsey & Company, 2016) which in any case are already characterised by the increasing importance of some growing markets which account for most of today's growth (e.g., Ambos and Birkinshaw, 2010;Prahalad and Battacharyya, 2008;Obaya, 2014;Wang and Balcet, 2012). To satisfy demand among customers with rising incomes, but also in part to develop and manufacture products for the entire corporate group in order to build country-specific knowledge and competences, the subsidiaries in these markets strike for local orientation (Hoenen and Kostova, 2015;Costa et al, 2015;Jürgens and Krzywdzinski, 2013), autonomy and decentralisation (Yu et al, 2009;Gammelgaard et al, 2012;Baglieri et al, 2014). This not only increases local embeddedness (Nell and Ambos, 2013) but also leads to a rising heterogeneity in the steering of subsidiaries.…”