Zinc
ion batteries have become a new type of energy storage device
because of the low cost and high safety. Among the various cathode
materials, vanadium–oxygen compounds stand out due to their
high theoretical capacity and variable chemistry valence state. Here,
we construct a 3D spongy hydrated vanadium dioxide composite (Od-HVO/rG) with abundant oxygen vacancy defects and graphene
modifications. Thanks to the stable structure and abundant active
sites, Od-HVO/rG exhibits superior electrochemical properties.
In aqueous electrolyte, the Od-HVO/rG cathode provides
high initial charging capacity (428.6 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g), impressive
rate performance (186 mAh/g even at 20 A/g), and cycling stability,
which can still maintain 197.5 mAh/g after 2000 cycles at 10 A/g.
Also, the superior specific energy of 245.3 Wh/kg and specific power
of 14142.7 W/kg are achieved. In addition, MXene/Od-HVO/rG
cathode materials are prepared and PAM/ZnSO4 hydrogel electrolytes
are applied to assemble flexible soft pack quasi-solid-state zinc
ion batteries, which also exhibit excellent flexibility and cycling
stability (206.6 mAh/g after 2000 cycles). This work lays the foundation
for advances in rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries, while revealing
the potential for practical applications of flexible energy storage
devices.