Mo-Inefficient Wheat Response Toward Molybdenum Supply in Terms of Soil Phosphorus Availability

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint to crop growth due to strong soil P fixation. The effects of molybdenum (Mo) on leaf anatomy and dynamics of rhizosphere P in Mo-inefficient crops have still not been investigated. A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization on dynamics of rhizosphere P transformations and leaf anatomy in Moinefficient wheat consisting of Mo (+Mo) and without Mo applied (−Mo) treatments. The results revealed that Mo supply increased plant biomass, grain yield, uptake of P and Mo by 34.9%, 14.8%, 98.1% and 654.1% respectively and preserved the leaf cuticle, stomata, chloroplast, and mesophyll tissue cell configuration. Molybdenum application significantly increased the concentration of radially available P fractions [NaHCO 3-Pi (115.5 to 129.8 mg kg −1 and 67.4 to 80.7 mg kg −1) and H 2 O-Pi (14.4-21.9 mg kg −1 and 4.63-6.40 mg kg −1)] in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, respectively. The acid phosphatase (ACP) activity (19.5 μmol day −1 g −1) was highest during March as compared to alkaline (ALP) and phytase (PHY) enzymes in the rhizosphere soil of +Mo treatment. The highest expression of gene lppC (6.11) was observed in rhizosphere soil as compared to non-rhizosphere soil which indicated that higher gene expressions induced the higher P enzymatic activities. Our findings suggest that Mo fertilizer application increases P availability through induced alteration in dynamics of rhizosphere soil P fractions, higher P and Mo assimilation and phosphatases enzymes activities along with preserving the leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of Mo-inefficient wheat.

Plant molybdenum uptake as mediated by synergism with phosphorus but antagonism with sulfur in a fertilized and mown meadow

“…of P effect on plant Mo uptake could provide valuable insights in fertilization practices to manage P and Mo simultaneously. Consistently, previous P and Mo fertilization experiments have found that an increase in availability of soil Mo would cause a signi cant increase in soil available P fractions (e.g., H 2 O-and NaHCO 3 -extractable P fractions), and vice versa(Zakikhani et al 2014;Nie et al 2015;Rana et al 2020b). The formation of a complex phosphomolybdate anion might be the reason for…”

“…Molybdate and sulphate share many of the same transporting routes in biological systems (McGrath et al 2010), resulting in antagonistic interactions between the two nutrients (Tejada-Jimenez et al 2013; Bittner 2014). Additionally, previous studies testi ed that there is a synergistic interaction between MoO 4 2and PO 4 3on their uptake by plants (Zakikhani et al 2014;Rana et al 2020b). For example, Mo fertilization could enhance P uptake by plants and vice versa (Liu et al 2010;Liu et al 2012).…”

Molybdenum‐induced effects on nitrogen uptake efficiency and recovery in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using 15N‐labeled nitrogen with different N forms and rates

“…Further, Mo deficiency has a severe impact on plant growth, productivity, and N health and can increase tissue nitrate concentration or accumulation and decrease plant growth and yields (Imran, Hu, et al., 2019). Previous studies reported that Mo application has a significant role in enhancing wheat growth and yield (Moussa et al., 2021; Rana, Sun, Imran, Ali, et al., 2020; Rana, Sun, Imran, Khan, et al., 2020). However, Mo‐induced effects on total N uptake, fertilizer 15 N uptake, and soil N uptake in winter wheat under different Nf and Nr are not well‐documented.…”

Favorable physiological and morphological effects of molybdenum nanoparticles on tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.): root irrigation is superior to foliar spraying

“…Bulk Mo fertilizer, commonly derived from ammonium molybdate and sodium molybdate, is considered an effective strategy to improve crop physiological traits. When wheat is chronically exposed to ammonium molybdate (0.41 kg ha −1 ) in the field, the biomass, grain yield and uptake of P from soil are significantly increased ( Rana et al., 2020 ). In a short-term treatment, seed priming with Mo (0.5 g/L of sodium molybdate) for 8 h increased chickpea yield in a pot study and in field study by 27% and 20%, respectively ( Farooq et al., 2012 ).…”