Mo1510 Prognosis of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Extremely Poor in African Country

Yang, Ju Dong; Okeke, Edith; Duguru, Mary; Afihene, Mary; Duduyemi, Babatunde M; Micah, Eileen A.; Gyedu, Adam; Kouakou-Lohoues, Marie-Jeanne; Malu, Abraham O.; Obekpa, Solomon; Mustapha, Sagir; Otegbayo, Jesse Abiodun; Omonisi, Abidemi; Ajayi, Akande Oladimeji; Okonkwo, Uchenna; Kooffreh-Ada, Mbang; Palmer, Dennis; Debes, José D.; Onyekwere, Charles; Ekere, Francis; Igetei, R; Roberts, Lewis R.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(16)33832-x

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In this case, metallic pots used to make these beverages are considered to contain high amount of iron and this leads to excessive iron overload overtime with excessive iron deposition in the liver which in turn leads to higher degrees of cirrhosis and malignancy. Homebrewed beer in this method contains iron in amounts of 46-82 mg/L compared to 0.5mg/L in standard commercial beers [74] .…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 96%

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance strategy directed by immune-epidemiology

Anugwom¹,

Allaire²,

Akbar³

et al. 2021

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Hepatitis B infection (HBV) is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. The age of occurrence, prognosis and incidence vary dramatically depending on the region of the world. This geographic variation is largely dependent on the contrasting incidence of HBV, age of transmission of the virus, the timing of integration into the human genome, and different HBV genotypes, as well as environmental factors. It results in a wide difference in viral interaction with the immune system, genomic modulation and the consequent development of HCC in an individual. In this review, we describe many factors implicated in HCC development, provide insight regarding at-risk populations and explain societal recommendations for HCC surveillance in persons living with HBV in different continents of the world.

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Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 96%

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance strategy directed by immune-epidemiology

Anugwom¹,

Allaire²,

Akbar³

et al. 2021

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“…First, awareness of the risk of HCC imposed by HBV, with or without HIV should increase dramatically continent-wide. Some countries have shown an important progress in these areas with awareness stimulation in television and radio programs, as well as outreach in rural regions [85,86] . However, further work in this area is critical to decrease stigma, increase understanding of the risks of HBV and improve vaccination rates, with reach of vaccination to rural areas as well as implementation of HBV birthdose.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection in Africa: a focus on surveillance

Wu¹,

Anugwom²,

Desalegn³

et al. 2022

Hepatoma Res

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infections are weighty public health challenges, especially in the African continent. The direct carcinogenic effect of HBV means that it remains a potent cause of early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. The presence of HIV infection in HBV-infected patients poses a complicating factor, as coinfection has been shown to hasten the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis and HCC, and often resulting in early-age hepatocarcinogenesis with consequent late diagnosis and lower survival. In this review, we discuss this unique conundrum, the epidemiology of HIV-HBV coinfection in SSA, its effect on liver disease and development of HCC, as well as practices and barriers to HCC surveillance in this distinct population. We propose a way forward to curb this considerable health burden focusing on reduction of disease stigma, the need for easy-to-measure biomarkers, and implementation of large prospective studies in this population.

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“…Similarly, in the USA, blacks are more likely to have larger tumour size, more advanced tumour stage/with metastatic disease and lower levels of alpha-fetoprotein and are less likely to present with cirrhosis [25,36] . These disparities in results between the USA and SSA are more likely a consequence of differing prevalence rates of major risk factors including [hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV)], obesity and diabetes [37] , as well as lack of resources, which may limit access to high-quality care [38] . Considering that, in SSA, most cases of PLC are only detected during the advanced stages of the disease, resectability is only 1%-2%, and remission or prolongation of survival are seldom achieved [29] .…”

Section: Incidence and Survival Rates Of Liver Cancer In Sub-saharan Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa

Mak¹,

Kramvis²

2021

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With the highest annual fatality ratio (mortality-to-incidence ratio), reported for a human cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks as the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and its distribution is not uniform. In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), HCC is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths for men and the fourth for women in 2020, with average age-standardised mortality rates of 8.2 and 4.2 per 100,000 persons/year, respectively. In this region, HCC presents in younger age groups and has a median survival rate of ~3-4 months. The major risk factors for HCC include viral [hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV)] and environmental [dietary aflatoxin and iron overload] factors, with more than 50% being attributable to HBV, which is endemic in SSA. HCC control efforts in SSA are faced with a number of unique challenges, including resource restrictions, a paucity of good data, few cancer registries, inaccessibility of treatment for HBV and HCV, co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), exposure to co-carcinogen aflatoxin B1, unique (sub)genotypes of HBV and changing natural history and aetiology of HCC as a result of antiretroviral therapy rollout for HIV and changing lifestyles. The unique features of HCC in SSA, together with the challenges faced in its prevention and appropriate public health intervention, diagnosis and treatment, all suggest that HCC in SSA is deserving of an in depth understanding by further focused research. Considerable motivation of policymakers, work and resources are required to reduce the burden of this cancer on the subcontinent.

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Mo1510 Prognosis of Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Is Extremely Poor in African Country

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance strategy directed by immune-epidemiology

Hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma: surveillance strategy directed by immune-epidemiology

Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection in Africa: a focus on surveillance

Epidemiology and aetiology of hepatocellular carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa

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