“…In previous researches (Wittner et al, 2000;Hood and Ji, 1997a;Pissinov et al, 2000;Li and Baras, 2000;Gurer et al, 1996;Goldszmidt, 1996;Gavalas et al, 2000) in network fault management (NFM), the scalability limitations of centralised network management (NM) are addressed and it becomes significantly apparent when transfers of bulk network monitoring data are considered. To overcome these limitations, these researchers have adopted many techniques in the area of artificial intelligence and statistics of such expert systems (Jakobson and Weissman, 1993), finite state machines (Rouvellou, 1993), advanced database techniques (Wolfson et al, 1991) and probabilistic approaches (Deng et al, 1997).…”