“…The majority of the above studies focus on the language skills of speaking (e.g., AbuSeileek & Qatawneh, 2013 ; Cunningham, 2016 ; McNeil, 2014 ; Razagifard, 2013 ) and writing (e.g., Angeli & Schwartz, 2016 ). However, research concerning the language skills of reading, particularly digital reading, is noticeably scarce (Christopher et al, 2004 ; Yu et al, 2022 ). Additionally, differences in the timing of asynchronous responses convey important information about users’ perceptions and expectations of ASCMC (Tyler & Tang, 2003 ).…”