Taking 8 major provincial capital cities and municipalities such as Changchun and Shanghai as the research objects, based on the Landsat8 L1 product in 2022-2023, we use the atmospheric correction method to carry out the inversion of summer and winter surface temperatures in the target urban administrative areas, and analyse the characteristics of the urban surface heat field differentiation; using SPSS, the data are analysed through stepwise regression, and the coupling between the urban heat field and the influencing factors is explored. The data were analysed by stepwise regression using SPSS to explore the coupling between urban thermal field and influencing factors. The results show that: ① the summer temperature between the east and west cities is lower in the east and higher in the west, and the temperature between the cities of similar latitude tends to be the same in winter; the temperature difference between the north and south cities is significant, which is more prominent in winter. ② The temperature in the city centre is higher than that in the suburbs in summer, the near-water area is lower than that in the far-water area, the cooling effect of the water system decreases with the decrease of latitude, and the temperature in the city centre is significantly lower than that in the outside in winter, except for Lhasa and Changchun. (iii) The eight independent variables in the summer model explain 69.8% of the summer urban heat field divergence characteristics, and the seven independent variables in the winter model explain 70.8% of the winter urban heat field divergence characteristics. In summer, the temperature decreases by 0.02℃ for every 1m increase in height, 0.003℃ for every 1km² increase in impermeable layer area, and 0.001℃ for every 1km² increase in water body area. In winter, the temperature increases by 0.01℃ for every 1 person/km² increase in population density, 0.05℃ for every 1km² increase in water body area, and 0.05℃ for every 1km² increase in vegetation cover area. 1km², the temperature decreases by 0.0125℃. in order to provide theoretical support for the study of urban heat field.