Mobile Decontamination Units—Room for Improvement?

Ribordy, P.; Rocksén, David; Dellgar, Uno; Persson, Sven‐Åke; Arnoldsson, Kristina; Ekåsen, Hans; Häggbom, Sune; Nerf, Ola; Ljungqvist, Åsa; Gryth, Dan; Claesson, Ola

doi:10.1017/s1049023x12001033

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Effectiveness of skin decontamination procedures has been largely investigated through the use of in vitro and in vivo human skin models [10e15], including human volunteers studies involving non-toxic CWA simulants [16,17]. However, wounds, hair or eyes decontamination have been much less studied and is important to consider.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of scalp hair decontamination following exposure to vapours of sulphur mustard simulants 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide and methyl salicylate

Spiandore

Piram

Lacoste³

et al. 2017

Chemico-Biological Interactions

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

, et al.. Efficacy of scalp hair decontamination following exposure to vapours of sulphur mustard simulants 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide and methyl salicylate. Chemico-Biological Interactions, Elsevier, 2017, 267, pp.74-79. 10.1016/j.cbi.2016 Efficacy of scalp hair decontamination following exposure to vapours of sulphur mustard simulants 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide and methyl salicylate a b s t r a c tChemical warfare agents are an actual threat and victims' decontamination is a main concern when mass exposure occurs. Skin decontamination with current protocols has been widely documented, as well as surface decontamination. However, considering hair ability to trap chemicals in vapour phase, we investigated hair decontamination after exposure to sulphur mustard simulants methyl salicylate and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide. Four decontamination protocols were tested on hair, combining showering and emergency decontamination (use of Fuller's earth or Reactive Skin Decontamination Lotion RSDL ® ). Both simulants were recovered from hair after treatment, but contents were significantly reduced (42 e85% content allowance). Showering alone was the least efficient protocol. Concerning 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide, protocols did not display significant differences in decontamination efficacy. For MeS, use of emergency decontaminants significantly increased showering efficacy (10e20% rise), underlining their usefulness before thorough decontamination. Our results highlighted the need to extensively decontaminate hair after chemical exposure. Residual amounts after decontamination are challenging, as their release from hair could lead to health issues.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of scalp hair decontamination following exposure to vapours of sulphur mustard simulants 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide and methyl salicylate

Spiandore

Piram

Lacoste³

et al. 2017

Chemico-Biological Interactions

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…MeS is of similar persistence, volatility and water solubility to sulphur mustard. While MeS is likely to volatilise it is recoverable and has been used for several human volunteer decontamination studies (Larner et al, ; Ribordy et al, ; Torngren et al, ). Furthermore, previous literature has determined that MeS is the least toxic simulant when mimicking the adsorption/desorption of sulphur mustard in the environment (Bartelt‐Hunt et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluating the impact of environmental factors on decontamination within a mass decontamination unit when contaminating humans with CWA simulants. Ribordy et al, 2012 Evaluation of the efficacy of a decontamination station following exposure of volunteers to EL and MeS, simulants of sarin and sulphur mustard respectively. Torngren et al, 1998 Malathion ( Boulware, Fields, McIvor, et al, 2012;Powell, Boulware, Thames, Vasquez, & MacLeod, 2010).…”

Section: Human Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methyl Salicylate As a Simulant For Sulphur Mustardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies to optimize the effectiveness of emergency decontamination processes using human volunteers must, for ethical reasons, use simulants to mimic the physicochemical properties of more harmful chemicals, while remaining non-toxic at the dose applied. A simulant is a compound that can mimic the behaviour of the chemical of interest (e.g., has similar physicochemical properties) or is a functional analogue of a more harmful chemical (Jenkins, Buchanan, Merriweather, et al, 1994), and can be used in human volunteer trials (HVTs) with minimal risk (Amlôt, Larner, Matar, et al, 2010;Josse, Comas, Bui-Tho, et al, 2011;Larner, Matar, Riddle, et al, 2007;Ribordy, Rocksén, Dellgar, et al, 2012;Torngren, Persson, Ljungquist, et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemical warfare agent simulants for human volunteer trials of emergency decontamination: A systematic review

James

Wyke

Marczylo

et al. 2017

J of Applied Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Incidents involving the release of chemical agents can pose significant risks to public health. In such an event, emergency decontamination of affected casualties may need to be undertaken to reduce injury and possible loss of life. To ensure these methods are effective, human volunteer trials (HVTs) of decontamination protocols, using simulant contaminants, have been conducted. Simulants must be used to mimic the physicochemical properties of more harmful chemicals, while remaining non‐toxic at the dose applied. This review focuses on studies that employed chemical warfare agent simulants in decontamination contexts, to identify those simulants most suitable for use in HVTs of emergency decontamination. Twenty‐two simulants were identified, of which 17 were determined unsuitable for use in HVTs. The remaining simulants (n = 5) were further scrutinized for potential suitability according to toxicity, physicochemical properties and similarities to their equivalent toxic counterparts. Three suitable simulants, for use in HVTs were identified; methyl salicylate (simulant for sulphur mustard), diethyl malonate (simulant for soman) and malathion (simulant for VX or toxic industrial chemicals). All have been safely used in previous HVTs, and have a range of physicochemical properties that would allow useful inference to more toxic chemicals when employed in future studies of emergency decontamination systems.

show abstract

Optimisation and validation of a GC–MS/MS method for the analysis of methyl salicylate in hair and skin samples for use in human-volunteer decontamination studies

James

Collins

Amlôt

et al. 2019

Journal of Chromatography B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mobile Decontamination Units—Room for Improvement?

Abstract: After decontamination, the imitation substances still were present and evaporating from the contaminated persons, blankets, and units. These results indicate a need for improvements in technical solutions, procedures, and training.

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Efficacy of scalp hair decontamination following exposure to vapours of sulphur mustard simulants 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide and methyl salicylate

Efficacy of scalp hair decontamination following exposure to vapours of sulphur mustard simulants 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulphide and methyl salicylate

Chemical warfare agent simulants for human volunteer trials of emergency decontamination: A systematic review

Optimisation and validation of a GC–MS/MS method for the analysis of methyl salicylate in hair and skin samples for use in human-volunteer decontamination studies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About