Abstract:Industrialisation and urban growth are constitutive aspects of Vietnam's new economy and are important driving forces behind increasing rural‐to‐urban migration. Growth in informal sector employment is a significant aspect of this development, which has provided for both male and female migrants, although they generally are engaged in different occupations. Based on a case study among porters at Hanoi's Long Bien Market, this paper examines rural‐to‐urban migrants' gendered migration practices. Two interrelate… Show more
“…Franck and Olsson () observe that women strategically label their activities as housework in order to gain access to work, but still comply with different social norms so as to avoid destabilizing the household. In another study in rural Vietnam, Agergaard and Thao () reveal how women porters maintain dual identities by establishing women's networks that enable them to work in cities and remit money back to villages for children's education. This system of networks and remittances allowed them to prioritize ‘their presence in the village to care for their children and to conform to the expectations involved in being a good wife and mother’ (Agergaard and Thao , p. 418).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In another study in rural Vietnam, Agergaard and Thao () reveal how women porters maintain dual identities by establishing women's networks that enable them to work in cities and remit money back to villages for children's education. This system of networks and remittances allowed them to prioritize ‘their presence in the village to care for their children and to conform to the expectations involved in being a good wife and mother’ (Agergaard and Thao , p. 418). Women are very resourceful in their approaches to develop supportive, identity‐based networks (based on kinship, religious bonds or even those who share common experience based on self‐exploitation) that enable them to access IE.…”
Formalization is constantly being proposed as being of great benefit to business expansion and success. This claim, however, has not been previously tested through a review of the empirical evidence, especially in relation to the large number of women in the developing world that operate in the informal economy. Therefore, the aim of this review is to systematize the current empirical evidence on gender, the informal economy and formalization, using a narrative synthesis of 76 papers. The papers were analysed along three main analytical themes -identity, institutions, and constraints and preferences -highlighting their conceptualization in studies of different academic disciplines -economics, sociology, entrepreneurship and development. The review calls for more accurate accounts of formalization decisions by widening the lens through which formalization decisions are conceptualized. These should take account of the rich contextual and temporal dimensions central to these decisions, and recognize that gender alone is not a sufficient factor in explaining women's choices in the informal economy. The review also highlights limitations in relation to the limited conceptual and empirical evidence on which development priorities such as formalization are set. The authors propose a research agenda centred on the need for conceptual frameworks that are more sensitive towards the multidimensional contexts of women's choices.
“…Franck and Olsson () observe that women strategically label their activities as housework in order to gain access to work, but still comply with different social norms so as to avoid destabilizing the household. In another study in rural Vietnam, Agergaard and Thao () reveal how women porters maintain dual identities by establishing women's networks that enable them to work in cities and remit money back to villages for children's education. This system of networks and remittances allowed them to prioritize ‘their presence in the village to care for their children and to conform to the expectations involved in being a good wife and mother’ (Agergaard and Thao , p. 418).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In another study in rural Vietnam, Agergaard and Thao () reveal how women porters maintain dual identities by establishing women's networks that enable them to work in cities and remit money back to villages for children's education. This system of networks and remittances allowed them to prioritize ‘their presence in the village to care for their children and to conform to the expectations involved in being a good wife and mother’ (Agergaard and Thao , p. 418). Women are very resourceful in their approaches to develop supportive, identity‐based networks (based on kinship, religious bonds or even those who share common experience based on self‐exploitation) that enable them to access IE.…”
Formalization is constantly being proposed as being of great benefit to business expansion and success. This claim, however, has not been previously tested through a review of the empirical evidence, especially in relation to the large number of women in the developing world that operate in the informal economy. Therefore, the aim of this review is to systematize the current empirical evidence on gender, the informal economy and formalization, using a narrative synthesis of 76 papers. The papers were analysed along three main analytical themes -identity, institutions, and constraints and preferences -highlighting their conceptualization in studies of different academic disciplines -economics, sociology, entrepreneurship and development. The review calls for more accurate accounts of formalization decisions by widening the lens through which formalization decisions are conceptualized. These should take account of the rich contextual and temporal dimensions central to these decisions, and recognize that gender alone is not a sufficient factor in explaining women's choices in the informal economy. The review also highlights limitations in relation to the limited conceptual and empirical evidence on which development priorities such as formalization are set. The authors propose a research agenda centred on the need for conceptual frameworks that are more sensitive towards the multidimensional contexts of women's choices.
“…Therefore, it is not the case that households stay put because they have no access to social networks and/or they are so poor that they cannot afford the financial costs of migration. In fact, some women villagers attempted to migrate but had to return to the villages because they could not bear the harsh life of a migrant (Focus group discussion with non‐migrants, 2009; see also Agergaard and Thao, ). I am in good health but I am afraid to migrate to Hanoi because I will have to compete with other migrants to get a job… .…”
Section: Stayer Households: How Do They Survive?mentioning
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