Mobile genomic element diversity in world collection of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) panel using iPBS-retrotransposon markers

Abstract

Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose crop of dry land yielding very high quality of edible oil. Present study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 131 safflower accessions originating from 28 different countries using 13 iPBS-retrotransposon markers. A total of 295 iPBS bands were observed among which 275 (93.22%) were found polymorphic. Mean Polymorphism information content (0.48) and diversity parameters including mean effective number of alleles (1.33), mean Shannon’s information index (0.33), overall gene diversity (0.19), Fstatistic (0.21), and inbreeding coefficient (1.00) reflected the presence of sufficient amount of genetic diversity in the studied plant materials. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that more than 40% of genetic variation was derived from populations. Model-based structure, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) algorithms clustered the 131 safflower accessions into four main populations A, B, C, D and an unclassified population, with no meaningful geographical origin. Most diverse accessions originated from Asian countries including Afghanistan, Pakistan, China, Turkey, and India. Four accessions, Turkey3, Afghanistan4, Afghanistan2, and Pakistan24 were found most genetically distant and might be recommended as a candidate parents for breeding purposes. The findings of this study are most probably supported by the seven similarity centers hypothesis of safflower. This is a first study to explore the genetic diversity and population structure in safflower accessions using the iPBS-retrotransposon markers. The information provided in this work will therefore be helpful for scientists interested in safflower breeding.

Exploring the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Turkish Laurel Germplasm by the iPBS-Retrotransposon Marker System

“…Mean gene diversity (0.22) resulted in this study was found higher than the reported by earlier studies [25,48,50] and thus explains the presence of higher diversity in studied germplasm. Shannon's information index is an important criterion to understand the variation as it distinguishes the genetic diversity in a population combining abundance and evenness [51]. Mean Shannon's information index (0.35) was found greater than the reported by earlier studies using the same molecular marker [25,50].…”

“…Previous studies have proven iPBS-retrotransposon a highly reproducible, robust and trustable marker system [22,23,40,41]. Our earlier studies in wild emmer [8], pea [24], tobacco [25], common bean [48], pepper [50] and safflower [51] also found this marker system highly robust, and trustable, which can be used for the investigation of genetic diversity in any crop. Similarly, Mehmood et al [41] also found this marker system highly reproducible, robust and trustable.…”

“…The model-based structure algorithm has been found more informative and precise as compared to other clustering algorithms [7,51]. Therefore, the structure was taken as a clustering benchmark in this study.…”

Genetic diversity analysis in the Turkish pepper germplasm using iPBS retrotransposon- based markers

“…Advancement in molecular marker technologies has boosted the success level of breeding activities for various crops worldwide (Nadeem et al, 2018b). Retrotransposons comprise a large fraction of most plant genomes, and their replication generates genomic diversity, which can be exploited as an excellent source of molecular markers for genetic diversity assessment in various crops (Andeden et al, 2013;Ali et al, 2019). Retrotransposon-based markers can be effectively used to address microevolutionary questions, at the intragenus or intraspecific level, as their insertion into the genome generates frequent and polymorphic DNA sites (Kalendar et al, 2011).…”

Investigation of morphoagronomic performance and selection indices in the international safflower panel for breeding perspectives

“…Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an underutilized oilseed crop and belongs to the family Asteraceae (Knowles, 1989;Ali et al, 2019). It is known as one of the oldest crop plants grown under dry and hot climatic conditions of the Middle East, which is its origin and diversity center (Knowles and Ashri, 1995).…”