Mobile Laboratory Measurements of High Surface Ozone Levels and Spatial Heterogeneity During LISTOS 2018: Evidence for Sea Breeze Influence

Zhang, Jie; Ninneman, Matthew; Joseph, Everette; Schwab, M. J.; Shrestha, Bhupal; Schwab, James J.

doi:10.1029/2019jd031961

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The upward spiral over the water measured ozone 20–25 ppb greater than the downward spiral some 15 min later and 15 km away. This horizontal gradient is similar to the land‐water interface gradients observed in previous work over the upper Chesapeake Bay (Stauffer et al., 2015) and over LI (Zhang et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In regions with land‐water interfaces, complex air flow and small‐scale circulation may result in large changes in ozone concentration over short distances, both vertically as seen in the ozonesonde profiles, and horizontally, as shown by the large difference between the airplane and ozonesonde profiles in our Case 5. Horizontal gradients have also been observed at land‐water interfaces of the Chesapeake Bay and south coast of LI (Stauffer et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2020). Our results indicate that vertical layering of ozone concentration in the lower troposphere occurs when there is significant shear in the vertical wind profile.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Recirculation by bay or sea breezes can bring polluted air back ashore, impacting the air quality in coastal regions (Angevine et al., 2004; Dacic et al., 2020). Ozone levels measured over the surface of the Chesapeake Bay and Great Lakes were higher than over the adjacent land areas, and gradients of over 15 ppb km −1 were measured on land near the coast of LI (Goldberg et al., 2014; Levy et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2020). The complex land/water interface in the NYC Metro area contributes to local flow effects such as shearing that can cause these air masses to change rapidly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical Profiles of Ozone Concentrations in the Lower Troposphere Downwind of New York City During LISTOS 2018–2019

Couillard

Schwab

et al. 2021

JGR Atmospheres

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While surface concentrations of ozone are routinely monitored, ozone aloft is infrequently measured, but critical for a full understanding of ozone production and transport. In this study, twenty‐six balloon‐borne ozonesondes were launched near the north shore of central Long Island in the summers of 2018 and 2019 as part of the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS). The observed vertical ozone profiles are presented and analyzed with additional data sources and modeling tools, including lidar wind profiles from the New York State Mesonet, back trajectories based on 3 km resolution high‐resolution rapid refresh model data, and surface data, aircraft observations, sonde, and ozone lidar measurements from other LISTOS participants. Special attention is given to the region of interest for ozone pollution in the lower troposphere, from the surface to 2 km altitude. Cases analyzed in detail illustrate events with high ozone levels observed in the lower troposphere, often with pronounced vertical structure in the profile. Specifically, easily discernible layers are identified with ozone excursions of up to 40 ppb over short vertical distances. Analysis indicates that synoptic and local meteorological processes can combine to generate the observed vertical profiles. Hot, sunny days with high‐pressure systems are accompanied by high precursor emissions due to increased power demands, plentiful radiation for photochemistry, and stagnation of synoptic winds. Under these conditions, meso‐ and smaller‐scale flows like low‐level jets and sea/bay/land breeze circulations may dominate synoptic flow to produce shearing and the complex vertical layered structure observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical Profiles of Ozone Concentrations in the Lower Troposphere Downwind of New York City During LISTOS 2018–2019

Couillard

Schwab

et al. 2021

JGR Atmospheres

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“…LISTOS was a multi-agency collaborative field campaign with the goal to improve our understanding of ozone chemistry and transport from NYC to areas downwind, especially the Long Island Sound and adjacent Connecticut coastline. These efforts added to the existing observational networks in the area and provided researchers with a more granular understanding of conditions in the region (e.g., Couillard et al, 2021;Judd et al, 2020;Karambelas, 2020;Rogers et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2020). Chemical transport models have been used in the past to complement the observational understanding of atmospheric conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Evaluation of the Meteorology and Air Quality Conditions From Multiscale WRF‐CMAQ Simulations for the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS)

et al. 2022

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The Long Island Sound (LIS) Tropospheric Ozone Study was a multi‐agency collaborative field campaign conducted during the summer of 2018 to improve the understanding of ozone chemistry and transport from New York City to areas downstream, especially the LIS and adjacent Connecticut coastline. Measurements made during this campaign were leveraged to test and evaluate the coupled WRF‐CMAQ model at 12 km, 4 and 1.33 km horizontal grid spacing. Special attention was placed on the model's representation of sea breeze circulations, low level jets, and boundary layer evolution. The evaluation suggests using higher resolutions resulted in improved surface meteorology statistics throughout the whole summer, with temperature biases seeing the biggest statistical improvements when using 1.33‐km grid spacing, going from −0.12 to 0.08 K. Additionally, 4‐km grid spacing provided the biggest advantage when simulating ozone over the region of interest, with biases being reduced from 2.40 to 0.57 to 0.37 ppbV with increased resolution. Case studies of two high ozone concentration events (July 10 and August 6) revealed that sound breezes and low‐level jets had a critical role in transporting pollutant‐rich, shallow marine air masses from the LIS inland over the Connecticut coast. Modifications were made to the representation of sea surface temperatures, which subsequently improved the simulation of surface ozone predictions.

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“…Submicron aerosols were measured at PSP using a mobile measurement platform (a 2007 Dodge Sprinter van), including an HR‐ToF‐AMS and a TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer Spectrometer (SMPS) (Zhang et al, 2019, 2020). The HR‐ToF‐AMS was used for measuring the chemical composition of the nonrefractory (NR) submicron aerosol (NR‐PM 1 ) (DeCarlo et al, 2006; Drewnick et al, 2005), including organics, particle‐sulfate (SO 4 ), particle‐nitrate (NO 3 ), particle‐ammonium (NH 4 ), and particle‐chloride (Cl).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Aerosol Under Moist and Fog Conditions in a Rural Forest Environment: Insights From High‐Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

Zhang

Lance

Marto

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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The effect of foggy/moist conditions on the characteristics of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was studied. Analysis of the high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer measurements identified two fresh biogenic SOA factors (BSOA: BSOA-1 and BSOA-2), hypothesized to be formed through the nighttime reaction of biogenic volatile organic compounds with nitrate radical. During foggy periods, the more oxidized oxygenated OA (MO-OOA) was scavenged most efficiently (86% removal), followed by the less oxidized OOA (LO-OOA) (55%), SO 4 (53%), and BSOA (25%). Aerosol mass increased during fog events, and the post-fog aerosol mass was higher (11%) than during the prefog period, with a reduction for MO-OOA and an enhancement for LO-OOA and BSOA. The high positive correlation observed between aerosol liquid water (ALW) and BSOA suggests the importance of aqueous-phase processing on the BSOA formation, and an increase in log 10 (ALW) of 1 corresponded to an average increase of about 0.9 μg m −3 in BSOA. Plain Language Summary Ground-level aerosols impact human health, climate, and ecosystem health. Aerosols have complex chemical composition, and the chemistry of the carbonaceous fraction is a topic of great interest to atmospheric chemistry and air quality. Aerosol liquid water is an important component of these particles in humid environments, and it becomes the dominant component if the particle grows to become a fog or cloud droplet. In addition to influencing particle growth, the aerosol liquid water provides another medium in which chemical reactions can occur and produces species that remain in the condensed phase and thereby increase aerosol mass loading. This study investigated the evolution of aerosol mass and chemical composition in moist and foggy nighttime environments in a rural forested area of the Northeast U.S. Organic aerosols that were identified as biogenic secondary organic aerosols were observed to increase in mass concentration during foggy conditions, and in this environment, they increased linearly in mass as a function of the base 10 logarithm of aerosol liquid water over a wide range. The influence of aerosol liquid water on the chemical reactivity of aerosols could help to bridge the gap between modeled and observed secondary organic aerosol mass.

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Mobile Laboratory Measurements of High Surface Ozone Levels and Spatial Heterogeneity During LISTOS 2018: Evidence for Sea Breeze Influence

Cited by 29 publications

References 47 publications

Vertical Profiles of Ozone Concentrations in the Lower Troposphere Downwind of New York City During LISTOS 2018–2019

Vertical Profiles of Ozone Concentrations in the Lower Troposphere Downwind of New York City During LISTOS 2018–2019

Performance Evaluation of the Meteorology and Air Quality Conditions From Multiscale WRF‐CMAQ Simulations for the Long Island Sound Tropospheric Ozone Study (LISTOS)

Evolution of Aerosol Under Moist and Fog Conditions in a Rural Forest Environment: Insights From High‐Resolution Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

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