Chronic Pain (CP) is defined as pain that persists despite the resolution of injury or pathology [1] and is attributed to changes in the central and peripheral nervous system resulting in amplified or uninhibited pain signals [2,3]. The persistency of pain signals over long periods of time can severely affect people both physically and psychologically.CP is closely linked with distress, can affect behavior, lead to a loss of productivity and daily functioning. Among people with CP, 86% report an inability to sleep well [4], 70% report trouble concentrating [4], 44-51% report anxiety [5], 88% express anger due to not seeing improvement [5]; CP related productivity related losses are 4.6 hour per week (5.5 hours/ week for chronic back pain) [6]. These adverse effects of CP can further result in depression and mood disorders; 40-50% CP population suffer from depressive disorders, while 77% report feeling depressed [5,7,8,9]. In terms of prevalence, the World Health Organization recognizes CP as a public health problem worldwide [10] (32% in low income countries and 30% in high income countries) [11,12]. In the US alone, 120 million adults are reported to be suffering from CP [13].Related costs have exceeded diabetes, cancer and heart disease in US [14] and CP is also related to substance abuse; 12 million (12 year or older) reported non-medical use of pain medication and overdose related deaths are rising every year [15].A particularly common form of CP is musculoskeletal chronic pain, which affects one in ten adults globally; 28.1% of the CP population has a musculoskeletal form.Musculoskeletal CP is a leading cause of disability, with 28% of people with chronic back pain reporting limited movement due to the condition [16]. Having said this, it is well understood that successful management in musculoskeletal CP is achievable with regular and sustained physical activity [10]. This is due to regular activity having the effect of protecting against muscle weakening and also inhibiting the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the spread of pain [4]. Physical activity also has fewer side effects than drugs [17]. The National Institute of Health Care in the UK (NICE) recommends reducing the dependence on drugs and suggests exercise to be a core treatment for CP [10]. Despite these benefits, adherence to regular and sustained physical activity is very low [12] and the need to improve adherence to prescribed physiotherapies among individuals with musculoskeletal CP has been a longstanding problem [18]. This is especially challenging in self-managed settings where there is no care provider present to offer encouragement and respond to the individual's specific needs in real time [12]. This low adherence is principally due to the perceived onset of pain exacerbation due to physical activity which over time results in psychological barriers. Some barriers manifest at an affective level [5], typically fear and anxiety [19,20] which are also closely linked to more cognitive barriers such as negative beliefs [5] and catast...