Mobile Positioning Techniques and Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The recent developments in mobile positioning technologies and the increasing demands of ubiquitous computing have significantly contributed to sophisticated positioning applications and services. Position information represents a core element in the human-centred activities, assisting in visualising complex environments effectively and providing a representational coordinate for localisation, tracking, and navigation purposes. The emergence of smartphones has accelerated the development of cutting-edge positioning-based systems since they are contained to have more processing, memory, and battery power. Similarly, mobile devices are now equipped with new sensory capabilities, wireless communications, and localisation technologies. This has quadrupled towards new advances on positioning techniques, enhancing the existing ones and brought more value to positioning-based systems. Research studies in positioning techniques have progressed in different directions, and no work has categorised and assessed the various advancements in this area. Accuracy and precision are the two challenging aspects that are crucial to the proper functioning of a positioning system. In practice, there is not a single positioning technique that could be appropriate for different situations. Most of the survey papers have focussed on carrying out their review on conventional positioning techniques. The common positioning technique uses simple technologies and is applied to a single type of environment. Hybrid techniques are the next generation of positioning technique that is supporting the real and com plex environment. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the mobile positioning techniques and systems. A total of 21 positioning systems published between the years 2012 and 2018 in the top 5 most popular indexed databases are reviewed. The positioning techniques are identified and streamlined through a methodical process, and the selected ones are reviewed using derived parameters. This paper provides a significant review of the current state of the mobile positioning techniques and outlines the research issues that require more investigation.

Robust Bluetooth AOA Estimation for Indoor Localization Using Particle Filter Fusion

“…Where 1 ( ,... ) T M w w w  is the complex weighting vector of the beamformer, and represent the ideal interference plus noise covariance matrix and the precise desired signal steering vector. In practice they are usually unavailable, so the sampled covariance matrix and the nominal guiding vector ̄ based on the array geometry computed are commonly used instead [50], and in this case the MVDR beamformer is also referred to as the sampled covariance matrix inversion (SMI) beamformer [9]:…”

“…Although many existing systems try to solve this problem using a wide variety of techniques, indoor positioning systems based on wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are one of the most adopted solutions including some specific IEEE standard radio signals such as Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, UWB, and RFID [4][5][6][7] which have been widely used in many real-world applications such as medical monitoring, target tracking, navigation, emergency call services and transport. The vast majority of solutions for such systems are solved by common ranging techniques such as Received Signal Strength (RSS) [8], Time of Arrival (TOA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and AoA [9].…”

Kinerja Keuangan Berbasis Konsep BSC (Balance Scorecard) Berdasarkan Prespektif Financial

“…Persaingan global yang ketat menyebabkan berkurangnya keuntungan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan yang mengikuti persaingan kelas dunia. Hanya perusahaan yang mencapai keunggulan di tingkat global yang dapat memenuhi atau memuaskan kebutuhan konsumen serta dapat menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas dan menguntungkan (Haryani & Fitriani, 2019;Karo & Hamonangan, 2021;Nasfi et al, 2020;Ramtohul & Khedo, 2020).…”

Mobile networks expanding to space: Overview of the seranis beyond 5G testbed

“…The 5G and 6G communication systems will require high-precision location services [12] that will complement GNSS, particularly in indoor and urban settings. Several positioning techniques have been proposed for terrestrial positioning, including Angle of Arrival (AoA)/ Angle of Departure (AoD), Time of Flight (ToF), and Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) [13]. TDoA, which is supported by 3GPP speci ications, offers some distinct advantages, such as providing high positioning accuracy with synchronization between base stations, but without synchronization requirements between base stations and the target.…”