Mobile protected areas for biodiversity on the high seas

Maxwell, Sara M.; Gjerde, Kristina M.; Conners, Melinda G.; Crowder, Larry B.

doi:10.1126/science.aaz9327

Cited by 86 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such a process could be facilitated through the CBD's Post-2020 Framework [50,51], with data integrated into the World Database of Protected Areas. Future mobile MPAs with shifting boundaries implemented as a climate change adaptation strategy [52] represent an emerging transparency challenge, further underscoring the importance of standardized monitoring and public reporting of PADDD.…”

Section: Implications For Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in marine protected areas

Albrecht¹,

Cook²,

Andrews³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are foundational to global marine biodiversity conservation efforts. Recently, countries have rapidly scaled up their MPA networks to meet targets established by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). While MPA networks are intended to permanently safeguard marine ecosystems, evidence points to widespread legal changes that temper, reduce, or eliminate protected areas, known as protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD). Research on PADDD to-date has focused on terrestrial PAs, leaving fundamental questions about PADDD in MPAs unanswered. To address this knowledge gap and provide a foundation for understanding the conservation implications of PADDD in marine ecosystems, we documented patterns, trends, and proximate causes of PADDD in MPAs globally. At least six countries have enacted 44 PADDD events in MPAs, most of which were in Australian MPAs. Globally, PADDD events in MPAs have affected an area of at least 1,198,774 square kilometers, approximately the size of South Africa. Most PADDD events in MPAs (67%) are associated with industrial-scale resource use, extraction, and development, suggesting that PADDD may undermine the conservation objectives of MPAs. Additional research, transparency, and proactive policy responses are needed to address PADDD to better safeguard marine ecosystems.

show abstract

Section: Implications For Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in marine protected areas

Albrecht¹,

Cook²,

Andrews³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, ABMTs could be defined as "spatially explicit management measures for which there is a clear definition of the ecological and temporal scales of action to achieve one or more objectives of the instrument". Such a definition would enable novel approaches including, inter alia, dynamic MPAs [13] and climate-responsive biodiversity closures [12].…”

Section: Dynamic Governance In the Bbnj Treaty Across Temporal Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern ocean management approaches now make it possible to consider applying dynamic approaches to ABMTs. This has been primarily suggested as a response to the impacts of climate change [12] but also reflects the move to dynamic ocean management in a few instances [13]. Such dynamic approaches to ABMTs are relatively untested but represent a potential future for area-based protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond static spatial management: Scientific and legal considerations for dynamic management in the high seas

Crespo¹,

Mossop²,

Dunn³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Natural and human stressors in the high seas act across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. These include direct interaction such as fisheries bycatch or indirect interaction like warming oceans and plastic ingestion. Area-based management tools (ABMTs), such as marine protected areas and time-area closures, are a widely accepted and a broadly successful form of management used to mitigate localized human impacts on marine species and ecosystems. Protection provides an opportunity for population recovery, which can then propagate outside of the closure. As the United Nations negotiates a new treaty on the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, efforts to design and implement high seas ABMTs at appropriate scales are critical to ensure that these spatial protection measures are most effective and climate-ready in the face of changing oceans. Here we identify the four most important temporal scales – contemporary, intra-annual, multi-annual and multidecadal – for aligning high seas ABMTs to relevant ecological, oceanographic and atmospheric processes. From this, we explore how managers and decision-makers can integrate this knowledge when implementing a new treaty.

show abstract

“…As the most globally widespread area-based conservation measures, protected areas are sure to play a prominent role (Pendleton et al, 2017;Tittensor et al, 2014). Yet, by being spatially delimited, protected areas offer an inherent tension between providing secure property rights over biologically significant marine areas, and being flexible and adaptable to the anticipated shifts in species ranges and their associated habitats (Maxwell, Gjerde, Conners, & Crowder, 2020;Roberts et al, 2017;Sumaila, Cheung, Cury, & Tai, 2017). The Mexican case of Fish Refuges might offer insights as area-based fisheries and conservation tools adaptable to climate change (CONAPESCA, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community‐based conservation strategies to end open access: The case of Fish Refuges in Mexico

Quintana

Basurto

2020

Conservat Sci and Prac

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Secure property rights are often seen as a precondition of incentives for long-term sustainable use by communities dependent on natural resources. Securing formal property rights can be challenging in coastal small-scale fisheries, which often operate under open access conditions. We argue that insecure, informal rights can offer one pathway for property-rights regime change, and may also provide greater flexibility for developing sustainable fishing practices compatible with climate change adaptation, among other policy-relevant outcomes. The process of establishing short-term but renewable area-based conservation tools, such as the Fish Refuges of Baja California Sur, Mexico, offers the opportunity to examine how community-based strategies can generate incentives for conservation despite the lack of secure property rights. Using in-depth qualitative methods, socioeconomic surveys, and ecological data from 2009 to 2019, we studied the process of engagement among fishers, civil society, and government. We focused on understanding the emerging transition from a scenario of open access and limited withdrawal property rights, toward locals' attaining of insecure defacto management and exclusion property rights and longer-term visions of resource use and conservation. Altogether, this case illustrates the potential and limitations of Fish Refuges as an area-based fisheries and conservation tool.

show abstract

Mobile protected areas for biodiversity on the high seas

Abstract: Protecting mobile marine species and habitats under climate change will require innovative and dynamic tools

Cited by 86 publications

References 14 publications

Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in marine protected areas

Protected area downgrading, downsizing, and degazettement (PADDD) in marine protected areas

Beyond static spatial management: Scientific and legal considerations for dynamic management in the high seas

Community‐based conservation strategies to end open access: The case of Fish Refuges in Mexico

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About