“…However, in the recent past the massive proliferation of socalled smartphones with browsers, which enable consumers to conveniently access the Internet and its services via data networks of MNO and with the capability to run software applications downloaded with the help of wireless or wired telecommunication networks has drastically changed the demand prospects for SMS. In particular, downloadable over-the-top (OTT) messaging applications, such as WhatsApp or Facebook-Messenger in Europe and the US, WeChat in China, KakaoTalk in South Korea or Line in Japan which smartphone owners can take to instantaneously send/receive text messages enriched with photos or other media elements to/from contacts using the same application, are portrayed as better surrogates of the old-fashioned SMS (Leonhardt, 2012;Mäkinen, Luukkainen, & Karikoski, 2014;Nikou, Bouwman, & Reuver, 2012;Ogara, Koh, & Prybutok, 2014;Rio & Malik, 2013).…”