Mobile Sounding Observations of a Tornadic Storm near the Dryline: The Canadian, Texas Storm of 7 May 1986

Bluestein, Howard B.; McCaul, Eugene W.; Byrd, Gregory P.; Woodall, Gary R.

doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1988)116<1790:msooat>2.0.co;2

Cited by 70 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Thunderstorms are usually produced by strong convective instability and updraft of convective plumes. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) is a good index for convective instability in the troposphere [ Bluestein et al, ; Vadas et al, ]. We use CAPE values from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re‐Analysis (ERA‐Interim) (http://apps.ecmwf.int/datasets/) [ Dee et al, ].…”

Section: Cgw Events In August 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentric gravity waves over northern China observed by an airglow imager network and satellites

Yue

et al. 2015

JGR Atmospheres

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Section: Cgw Events In August 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentric gravity waves over northern China observed by an airglow imager network and satellites

Yue

et al. 2015

JGR Atmospheres

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“…The CAPE is the maximum kinetic energy per mass available to a parcel of air. Therefore, the maximum upward velocity for a convective plume in this region is Although is the upper limit for the maximum updraft velocity of a convective plume in this area, a balloon experiment showed that the velocity of the updraft equaled for one storm [ Bluestein et al , 1988]. Therefore, we set w pl ∼ ∼ 35–40 m/s.…”

Section: Thermospheric Body Forces From a Deep Convective Plumementioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of large‐scale gravity waves and neutral winds in the thermosphere from the dissipation of convectively generated gravity waves

2009

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We study the response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to the dissipation of gravity waves (GWs) excited by a deep convective plume on 1 October 2005 at 52.5°W, 15.0°S, and 2120 UT in Brazil. Those small‐ and medium‐scale GWs which reach the thermosphere dissipate at z ∼ 120–250 km in a direction opposite to the background wind ∼(1–2) density scale heights below. This localized momentum deposition creates horizontal thermospheric body forces that have large sizes and amplitudes and generates large‐scale secondary GWs and large‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) that propagate globally away from the body force in all directions except that perpendicular to the force direction. For the convective plume at 2120 UT, the secondary GWs have horizontal wavelengths of λH ∼ 2100–2200 km, periods of τr ∼ 80 min, horizontal phase speeds of cH ∼ 480–510 m/s, density perturbations as large as ∣ρ′/∣ ∼ 3.6–5% at z = 400 km, relative [O] perturbations as large as ∼2–2.5% at z = 300 km, and total electron content perturbations as large as ∼8%. This transfer of momentum from local, relatively slow, small scales at the tropopause to global, fast, large scales in the thermosphere is independent of geomagnetic conditions. The various characteristics of these large‐scale waves may explain observations of LSTIDs at magnetically quiet times. We also find that this body force creates a localized “mean” horizontal wind in the direction of the body force. For the plume at 2120 UT, the wind is southward with an estimated maximum of vmax ∼ −400 m s−1 that is dissipated after ∼4 h. We also find that the induced body force direction varies throughout the day, depending on the winds in the lower thermosphere.

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“…(13) may be interpreted as an upper limit for the maximum updraft velocity of a convective plume in this area, a balloon experiment showed that the velocity of the updraft equaled Eq. (13) for one storm (Bluestein et al, 1988). Therefore, we set the plume velocity to roughly equal Eq.…”

Section: Gw On 30 September-1 October With λ H =14kmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convection: the likely source of the medium-scale gravity waves observed in the OH airglow layer near Brasilia, Brazil, during the SpreadFEx campaign

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Six medium-scale gravity waves (GWs) with horizontal wavelengths of λ H =60-160 km were detected on four nights by Taylor et al. (2009) in the OH airglow layer near Brasilia, at 15 • S, 47 • W, during the Spread F Experiment (SpreadFEx) in Brazil in 2005. We reverse and forward ray trace these GWs to the tropopause and into the thermosphere using a ray trace model which includes thermospheric dissipation. We identify the convective plumes, convective clusters, and convective regions which may have generated these GWs. We find that deep convection is the highly likely source of four of these GWs. We pinpoint the specific deep convective plumes which likely excited two of these GWs on the nights of 30 September and 1 October. On these nights, the source location/time uncertainties were small and deep convection was sporadic near the modeled source locations. We locate the regions containing deep convective plumes and clusters which likely excited the other two GWs. The last 2 GWs were probably also excited from deep convection; however, they must have been ducted ∼500-700 km if so. Two of the GWs were likely downwards-propagating initially (after which they reflected upwards from the Earth's surface), while one of the GWs was likely upwards-propagating initially from the convective plume/cluster. We also estimate the amplitudes and vertical scales of these waves at the tropopause, and compare their scales with those from a simple, linear convection model. Finally, we calculate each GW's dissipation altitude, location, and amplitude. We find that the dissiCorrespondence to: S. L. Vadas (vasha@cora.nwra.com) pation altitude depends sensitively on the winds at and above the OH layer. We also find that several of these GWs may have penetrated to high enough altitudes to potentially seed equatorial spread F (ESF) if located somewhat farther from the magnetic equator.

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Mobile Sounding Observations of a Tornadic Storm near the Dryline: The Canadian, Texas Storm of 7 May 1986

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

Concentric gravity waves over northern China observed by an airglow imager network and satellites

Concentric gravity waves over northern China observed by an airglow imager network and satellites

Generation of large‐scale gravity waves and neutral winds in the thermosphere from the dissipation of convectively generated gravity waves

Convection: the likely source of the medium-scale gravity waves observed in the OH airglow layer near Brasilia, Brazil, during the SpreadFEx campaign

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