Mobile Terminal Positioning via Power Delay Profile Fingerprinting: Reproducible Validation Simulations

Abstract

Non-Line-of-Sight and multipath propagation conditions pose significant problems for most mobile terminal positioning approaches. In contrast, power delay profile fingerprinting (PDP-F) thrives on multipath propagation. This multipath extension of T(D)oA is based on matching an estimated power delay profile from one or several base stations (BSs) (or other transmitters (broadcast, ...)) with a memorized power delay profile map for a given cell. With a single BS, an absolute time reference is required as for ToA. With multiple BSs, that requirement can be dropped as in TDoA. We propose a validation of PDP-F via simulations that can easily be reproduced. The multicellular environment consists of a big box in which multipath arises by reflection off the six sides. The resulting PDP depends on the positions of BS and terminal, the attenuation mechanism and the reflection coefficients of the six sides. We also propose an extension of the PDP-F (PSDP-F) taking into account spatial information available with an multi-antenna reception.PSDP-F can be considered as a multipath extension of the combined T(D)oA and AoA methods, without explicit requirement for antenna array calibration.

Rao-Blackwellized Gaussian Sum Particle Filtering for Multipath Assisted Positioning

“…It follows directly from (45) that the weights of the Gaussian components are updated by (4) initialize the new transmitter(s) based on z ; (5) if track of any signal components lost then (6) delete the corresponding transmitter(s); (7) for = 1, . .…”

“…Instead of regarding multipath propagation as ill, the spatial information of MPCs on the receiver position is exploited. In [4], the information of MPCs is used in a fingerprinting scheme. Going one step further, each MPC can be regarded as being transmitted by a virtual transmitter in a pure LoS condition, and the virtual transmitters can be used to locate the user.…”

Positioning Using Terrestrial Multipath Signals and Inertial Sensors

“…The authors of [21,22] exploit multipath propagation for positioning of mobile terminals using multipath fingerprinting algorithms. Other algorithms, for example, [23,24], interpret reflected signals as signals emitted from virtual transmitters (VTs), where the VT positions are precalculated based on the knowledge of the reflecting surface and physical transmitter positions.…”

“…where Q ( ) is defined in (21). Under the condition of a known control inputΨ( ), see [51], and using the linear transition model of Section 3.2.1 and Gaussian distributed transition noise of (36), we obtain for (34)…”

Outdoor to indoor channel characteristics on two different floors

“…Two well-known positioning techniques may be used to locate the receiver: (i) Fingerprinting (FIP) based positioning makes use of pre-collected CSI of the wireless channel saved in a database to find the best match to online measured values using a data recognition algorithm [2,3]. (ii) Time Based (TB) positioning utilises the ranging information between transmitter and receiver to determine the target's location, where the range estimate is usually biased when the Line-of-Sight (LoS) signal is absent [4].…”