Mobile touch screen device use and associations with musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health in a nationally representative sample of Singaporean adolescents

Toh, Siao Hui; Coenen, Pieter; Howie, Erin K.; Mukherjee, Swarup; Mackey, David A.; Straker, Leon

doi:10.1080/00140139.2018.1562107

Cited by 61 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…An association was also found between amount of smartphone use and musculoskeletal and visual symptoms of school students aged 10-18 years. Importantly, neck/shoulder region had the highest prevalence rates of musculoskeletal symptoms (Toh et al, 2019), which is similar to the report in other studies conducted by university students (H. J. Kim & Kim, 2015;Namwongs et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of prolonged continuous smartphone gaming on upper body postures and fatigue of the neck muscles in school students aged between 10-18 years

2021

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This study investigated the effect of prolonged continuous smartphone gaming on upper body postures and fatigue of the neck muscles in school students. Forty-four students aged between 10 and 18 years were enrolled in this study. All participants were instructed to play an online smartphone game continuously for 20 minutes in a sitting position during dynamic postural analysis. Simultaneously, a wireless surface electromyography (EMG) system was used to collect data from the cervical erector spinae (CES) and upper trapezius (UT) on both sides. The median frequency was considered as an index for muscle fatigue. An inertial measurement unit (IMU) was applied to examine upper body postures kinematics data. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) was also used to assess selfreported pain intensity in the posterior neck region at pre-and post-game playing. Angles of neck, trunk, left shoulder, and bilateral elbow flexion significantly increased at 10 and 20 minutes (p < 0.05) compared to those at the baseline. Bilateral CES is presented with significantly increased degree of fatigue at

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effect of prolonged continuous smartphone gaming on upper body postures and fatigue of the neck muscles in school students aged between 10-18 years

2021

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“…Hakala et al [32] also reported that frequent use of mobile phones increased the risk of neck, shoulder, and lower back pain in adolescents. In a recent study, Toh et al [33] reported that after adjusting for potential confounders, the number of hours a day spent on smartphones was associated with increased risk of neck/shoulder, upper back, arm, and wrist/hand discomfort. In another study, Hegazy et al [29] reported (using an adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis) that excessive smartphone use was significantly associated with self-reported sleep disturbance, headache, fatigue, depression, nervousness, and musculoskeletal pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain prevalence among young population: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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“…The flowchart of article searching and screening is shown in Figure 1. The 10 cross-sectional studies addressed incidents of myopia [24][25][26][27]47], blurred vision [48][49][50], and poor vision and other unspecified visual impairments [23,27,48,51]. In our analysis, the unspecified visual impairments were treated as poor vision.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our analysis, the unspecified visual impairments were treated as poor vision. There were 2 studies [27,48] that addressed two visual impairment outcomes, and each outcome was treated as a single study in the meta-analysis. The 4 studies that used a controlled trial design assessed the ocular surface disease index score [20], asthenopia score [21], oculomotor function [52], and viewing distance [22].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smartphone Overuse and Visual Impairment in Children and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

Wang¹,

Li²,

Zhu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND Smartphone overuse has been cited as a potentially modifiable risk factor that can result in visual impairment. However, reported associations between smartphone overuse and visual impairment have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to determine the association between smartphone overuse and visual impairment, including myopia, blurred vision, and poor vision, in children and young adults. METHODS We conducted a systematic search in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, and ScienceDirect databases since the beginning of the databases up to June 2020. Fourteen eligible studies (10 cross-sectional studies and 4 controlled trials) were identified, which included a total of 27,110 subjects with a mean age ranging from 9.5 to 26.0 years. We used a random-effects model for meta-analysis of the 10 cross-sectional studies (26,962 subjects) and a fixed-effects model for meta-analysis of the 4 controlled trials (148 subjects) to combine odds ratios (ORs) and effect sizes (ES). The I2 statistic was used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS A pooled OR of 1.05 (95% CI 0.98-1.13, P=.16) was obtained from the cross-sectional studies, suggesting that smartphone overuse is not significantly associated with myopia, poor vision, or blurred vision; however, these visual impairments together were more apparent in children (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99-1.14, P=.09) than in young adults (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.57-1.46, P=.71). For the 4 controlled trials, the smartphone overuse groups showed worse visual function scores compared with the reduced-use groups. The pooled ES was 0.76 (95% CI 0.53-0.99), which was statistically significant (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Longer smartphone use may increase the likelihood of ocular symptoms, including myopia, asthenopia, and ocular surface disease, especially in children. Thus, regulating use time and restricting the prolonged use of smartphones may prevent ocular and visual symptoms. Further research on the patterns of use, with longer follow up on the longitudinal associations, will help to inform detailed guidelines and recommendations for smartphone use in children and young adults.

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Mobile touch screen device use and associations with musculoskeletal symptoms and visual health in a nationally representative sample of Singaporean adolescents

Cited by 61 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of prolonged continuous smartphone gaming on upper body postures and fatigue of the neck muscles in school students aged between 10-18 years

Effect of prolonged continuous smartphone gaming on upper body postures and fatigue of the neck muscles in school students aged between 10-18 years

The relationship between smartphone addiction and musculoskeletal pain prevalence among young population: a cross-sectional study

Smartphone Overuse and Visual Impairment in Children and Young Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

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