Mobile VR on edge cloud

Shi, Shu; Gupta, Varun; Hwang, Michael; Jana, Rittwik

doi:10.1145/3304109.3306217

Cited by 49 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Photonics technology coupled with the W band also has the capability to improve the transmission rate by

Gbps for signal delivery over a 10 km single-mode fiber-28 (SMF-28) and

km wireless free-space link [ 104 ]. A latency-driven MEC-VR design was highlighted in [ 105 ] to locally render at a high refresh rate, and the evaluation was performed at an MEC node. A remote server was used by the MEC-VR users to generate larger scenes compared to the client’s FoV as the size of the margin area of the FoV was adaptively adjusted for the prediction of the next head movements according to the observed system latency.…”

Section: Trade-offs Among Performance Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Evolved Immersive Experience: Exploring 5G- and Beyond-Enabled Ultra-Low-Latency Communications for Augmented and Virtual Reality

Hazarika

Rahmati

2023

Sensors

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Augmented reality and virtual reality technologies are witnessing an evolutionary change in the 5G and Beyond (5GB) network due to their promising ability to enable an immersive and interactive environment by coupling the virtual world with the real one. However, the requirement of low-latency connectivity, which is defined as the end-to-end delay between the action and the reaction, is very crucial to leverage these technologies for a high-quality immersive experience. This paper provides a comprehensive survey and detailed insight into various advantageous approaches from the hardware and software perspectives, as well as the integration of 5G technology, towards 5GB, in enabling a low-latency environment for AR and VR applications. The contribution of 5GB systems as an outcome of several cutting-edge technologies, such as massive multiple-input, multiple-output (mMIMO) and millimeter wave (mmWave), along with the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) techniques towards an ultra-low-latency communication system, is also discussed in this paper. The potential of using a visible-light communications (VLC)-guided beam through a learning algorithm for a futuristic, evolved immersive experience of augmented and virtual reality with the ultra-low-latency transmission of multi-sensory tracking information with an optimal scheduling policy is discussed in this paper.

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“…Photonics technology coupled with the W band also has the capability to improve the transmission rate by

Gbps for signal delivery over a 10 km single-mode fiber-28 (SMF-28) and

Section: Trade-offs Among Performance Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an Evolved Immersive Experience: Exploring 5G- and Beyond-Enabled Ultra-Low-Latency Communications for Augmented and Virtual Reality

Hazarika

Rahmati

2023

Sensors

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“…Edge computing, which processes, stores, and sends information closer to consumers and their devices, can reduce user-experienced latency compared to traditional cloud computing. [45][46][47] Figure 5 provides a generic end-to-end latency comparison when moving from the edge to the cloud for easier comprehension.…”

Section: Ambient Intelligencementioning

confidence: 99%

The realm of metaverse: A survey

Venugopal

Subramanian

Peatchimuthu

2023

Computer Animation & Virtual

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The next step of digital development is the metaverse, which has the potential to drastically alter how people use technology and expand the range of services available beyond conventional systems that can be accessed online. As the efficiency, performance, and quality of service access reach their peak levels, the focus has shifted to the user experience. Due to this, there is an increasing demand for more involved and thorough customer service, and service providers are willing to increase their present standards. Consumers are genuinely asking for tactile and immersive elements in their digital interfaces, but these features can only be made possible by the metaverse's potentially futuristic subfields of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), and extended reality (XR). However, the metaverse may not be widely used due to significant security and privacy issues either from underlying technology or produced by the new digital environment. A variety of fundamental problems, such as scalability and interoperability, can arise in terms of ensuring security for the metaverse because of the metaverse's inherent properties, such as immersive realism, sustainability, and heterogeneity. In this survey, we propose a hypothetical meta‐stack framework to understand the various components in the realm of metaverse and then provide wide‐ranging insights on the most recent development in metaverse realm in the context of cutting‐edge technologies, security vulnerabilities and preventive measures specific to the metaverse and the research challenges pertaining to metaverse.

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“…Pohl et al [42] described an end-to-end system using current-generation technology, and compared compression techniques and commerical offerings. One of the latest is Shi et al's [47], which streamed subsets of panoramas as FFMPEG encoded video from edge-nodes over LTE or WiFi.…”

Section: Streaming Virtual Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors have tried to compensate for this in different ways. For example, Rossi et al [45] used gaze path prediction to load an optimal set of tiles, while Shi et al [47] used overscanning. The trade-off becomes between bandwidth and uncertainty.…”

Section: Streaming Virtual Realitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality of Service Impact on Edge Physics Simulations for VR

Friston

Griffith

Swapp

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graphics

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Mobile HMDs must sacrifice compute performance to achieve ergonomic and power requirements for extended use. Consequently, applications must either reduce rendering and simulation complexity -along with the richness of the experience -or offload complexity to a server. Within the context of edge-computing, a popular way to do this is through render streaming. Render streaming has been demonstrated for desktops and consoles. It has also been explored for HMDs. However, the latency requirements of head tracking make this application much more challenging. While mobile GPUs are not yet as capable as their desktop counterparts, we note that they are becoming more powerful and efficient. With the hard requirements of VR, it is worth continuing to investigate what schemes could optimally balance load, latency and quality. We propose an alternative we call edge-physics: streaming at the scene-graph level from a simulation running on edge-resources, analogous to cluster rendering. Scene streaming is not only straightforward, but compute and bandwidth efficient. The most demanding loops run locally. Jobs that hit the power-wall of mobile CPUs are off-loaded, while improving GPUs are leveraged, maximising compute utilisation. In this paper we create a prototypical implementation and evaluate its potential in terms of fidelity, bandwidth and performance. We show that an effective system which maintains high consistencies on typical edge-links can be easily built, but that some traditional concepts are not applicable, and a better understanding of the perception of motion is required to evaluate such a system comprehensively.

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Mobile VR on edge cloud

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

Towards an Evolved Immersive Experience: Exploring 5G- and Beyond-Enabled Ultra-Low-Latency Communications for Augmented and Virtual Reality

Towards an Evolved Immersive Experience: Exploring 5G- and Beyond-Enabled Ultra-Low-Latency Communications for Augmented and Virtual Reality

The realm of metaverse: A survey

Quality of Service Impact on Edge Physics Simulations for VR

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