Mobilisation of triacylglycerol stores

Gibbons, Geoffrey F.; Islam, Khwaja; Pease, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/s1388-1981(99)00182-1

Cited by 277 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…It is also possible that other metabolites are produced simultaneously, such as diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol, play pivotal signaling roles. A similar preference for LD-derived lipids was also shown for very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production in hepatocytes (Gibbons et al 2000), for efficient phagocytosis in macrophages (Chandak et al 2010), and for arylceramide synthesis in keratinocytes (Gruber et al 2010).…”

Section: Utilization Of Stored Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Functionally we would like to know why fatty acids generated in LDs are used more effectively than those from other sources in many reactions (Gibbons et al 2000;Kurat et al 2009;Chandak et al 2010;Gruber et al 2010). The difference may be attributed to other metabolites made in LDs and/or the dynamic hydrolysis-reacylation cycle in LDs.…”

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Not Just Fat: The Structure and Function of the Lipid Droplet

Fujimoto

Parton²

2011

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

408

336

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Lipid droplets (LDs) are independent organelles that are composed of a lipid ester core and a surface phospholipid monolayer. Recent studies have revealed many new proteins, functions, and phenomena associated with LDs. In addition, a number of diseases related to LDs are beginning to be understood at the molecular level. It is now clear that LDs are not an inert store of excess lipids but are dynamically engaged in various cellular functions, some of which are not directly related to lipid metabolism. Compared to conventional membrane organelles, there are still many uncertainties concerning the molecular architecture of LDs and how each function is placed in a structural context. Recent findings and remaining questions are discussed.

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Section: Utilization Of Stored Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Just Fat: The Structure and Function of the Lipid Droplet

Fujimoto

Parton²

2011

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

408

336

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“…The serum FFA are derived mainly from adipose tissue. Fatty acids released by adipocytes are the major substrates for the hepatic very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production, and in turn, VLDL TG fatty acids are returned to adipose tissue by the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL, EC 3.1.1.34) (Gibbons et al, 2000). The excess lipolysis may induce hypertriglyceridaemia via the increased production of very low-density lipoproteins (Coppack et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of indole-3-carbinol on metabolic parameters and on lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipocytes 182

Okulicz¹,

Hertig²,

Chichłowska³

2009

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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: Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) was found to have possible anticarcinogenic, antioxidant and anti-atherogenic effects on the organism. So far, its influence on metabolic pathways has been unknown. This work was the first attempt to determine the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism changes in vivo after administration of 150 mg/kg b.wt./day I3C to male rats. Additionally, the aim of this trial was to evaluate the direct effect of I3C on basal and hormone-induced lipogenesis and lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes at concentrations 1, 10, 100 μM in vitro. We can corroborate that adipocytes are susceptible to the direct action of I3C. The incubation of adipocytes with I3C at the three above-mentioned concentrations resulted in its influence on restriction of glucose entry into adipocytes in the basal as well as insulin-stimulated conditions. However, it was observed that I3C at these concentrations strongly intensified basic and epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis. I3C also has a significant influence on metabolism in vivo. Its administration to rats caused a significant increase in the content of triglycerides and a decrease in glycogen in the liver. The considerable augmentation of glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol in high-density lipoprotein and insulin with a concomitant decrease in FFA concentrations was noted in the blood serum. I3C did not alter phospholipids, total, free, esterified cholesterol in the serum and the liver cholesterol. The results obtained in vivo and in vivo indicate that the effect of I3C is adverse for the majority of metabolic parameters which were investigated. The most important finding in this study is the effect of I3C on liver steatosis and that the observed lower lipogenesis at higher lipolysis in fat cells may be involved in the mechanism.

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“…During periods of energy demand, TAG synthesized in WAT is rapidly mobilized by the hydrolytic action of lipases, resulting in the release of free fatty acids that are taken up by other organs to meet the energy requirements of the organism [46,47]. Figure 1 contains an overview of this process.…”

Section: Hydrolysis Of Triacylglycerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triacylglycerol Metabolism In Adipose Tissue

et al. 2007

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Triacylglycerol (TAG) in adipose tissue serves as the major energy storage form in higher eukaryotes. Obesity, resulting from excess white adipose tissue, has increased dramatically in recent years resulting in a serious public health problem. Understanding of adipocyte-specific TAG synthesis and hydrolysis is critical to the development of strategies to treat and prevent obesity and its closely associated diseases, for example, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this review, we present an overview of the major enzymes in TAG synthesis and lipolysis, including the recent discovery of a novel adipocyte TAG hydrolase. Keywords1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; desnutrin/adipose triglyceride lipase; diacylglycerol acyltransferase; glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; hormone-sensitive lipase; lipolysis; phosphatidic acid phosphatase; triacylglycerol White adipose tissue (WAT) is the major energy reserve in higher eukaryotes. The primary purposes of WAT are synthesis and storage of triacylglycerol (TAG) in periods of energy excess, and hydrolysis of TAG to generate fatty acids for use by other organs during periods of energy deprivation [1]. Adipose tissue also secretes adipokines that regulate energy intake and metabolism.The prevalence of obesity resulting from excess WAT has increased dramatically in recent years resulting in a serious public health problem, since obesity is closely associated with a number of disorders including Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis [2]. While † Author for correspondence, University of California, Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, adipocyte number has been shown to increase (hyperplasia) in morbid obesity, obesity is primarily attributed to adipocyte hypertrophy that occurs when TAG synthesis (esterification) exceeds TAG breakdown (lipolysis), resulting in elevated TAG storage [1]. Although it has been postulated that large adipocyte size may contribute to insulin resistance, the molecular mechanism is not clear.Paradoxically, the metabolic abnormalities typically found in obesity are also associated with lipodystrophies that are characterized by selective loss of adipose tissue from particular regions of the body [3][4][5][6]. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear, metabolic complications may result from ectopic storage of TAG in tissues such as the liver and muscle [7][8][9]. A proper capacity for TAG storage in adipocytes is clearly important for normal metabolic regulation. In view of the wide range of health problems associated with improper fat storage and release, it is critical to understand adipocyte-specific regulation of TAG synthesis and hydrolysis. Biosynthesis of triacylglycerolThe synthesis of phosphatidic acid and its subsequent conversion to TAG was described more than 40 years ago by Kennedy and coworkers [10], and is summarized in Figure 1. The initial committal step in this pathway is the formation of lysophosphatidic acid (1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate)...

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Mobilisation of triacylglycerol stores

Cited by 277 publications

References 161 publications

Not Just Fat: The Structure and Function of the Lipid Droplet

Not Just Fat: The Structure and Function of the Lipid Droplet

Effects of indole-3-carbinol on metabolic parameters and on lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipocytes 182

Triacylglycerol Metabolism In Adipose Tissue

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