Mobilization of reserve lipids in germinating spores of the fern Anemia phyllitidis l.

Gemmrich, Armin R.

doi:10.1016/0304-4211(77)90100-6

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Studies in vitro, however, have provided considerable information that has guided our current thinking regarding the details of retrovirus DNA synthesis. For example, information concerning the nature of the primer molecule (2)(3)(4)(5), site of initiation of DNA synthesis (6)(7)(8), genomic terminal redundancy (8-12), hydrolysis by ribonuclease H (13,14), and elongation of 5' initiated DNA at the 3' end of the viral genome (15,16) was obtained by studies in vitro in which investigators used detergent-disrupted preparations of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) as well as reconstructed reactions containing purified retroviral genomic RNA and reverse transcriptase.…”

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confidence: 99%

Circular Forms of DNA Synthesized by Rous Sarcoma Virus in Vitro

Clayman

Mosharrafa

Anderson

et al. 1979

Science

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Electron microscopic analysis of the DNA product synthesized by detergent-disrupted preparations of Rous sarcoma virus in vitro revealed the presence of several interesting molecular forms including covalently closed circular DNA. The identification of such circular DNA indicates that virions of retroviruses contain all the components necessary to facilitate the complete synthesis of mature forms of viral DNA and therefore provide a useful system to delineate the molecular mechanisms involved in their synthesis.

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confidence: 99%

Circular Forms of DNA Synthesized by Rous Sarcoma Virus in Vitro

Clayman

Mosharrafa

Anderson

et al. 1979

Science

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“…The latter type of difference was found in the content of chloroplast-specific lipids and fatty acids (Tabs 3 and 4), which were the highest in the pinnae of sporophytes. Although some of the differences between gametophytes and sporophytes in the lipid and fatty acid compositions were previously noted (Robinson et al 1973, Gemmrich 1977a, the two types of differences above described were not sharply distinguished.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The chetnistry and biochemistry of plant lipids, which serve as building blocks of biological membranes, reserve materials, and epicuticular protectants, have extensively been studied mostly in angiosperms (for reviews, see Stumpf 1980). Although ferns are interesting subjects of developmental biology in that the life cycle consists of haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generations, there are relatively few reports on the lipid composition in spores (Robinsoti et al 1973, Getnmrich 1977a, gametophytes (Gemmrich 1977b) and sporophytes (Radutiz 1968, Haigh et al 1969, Robinson et al 1973, Jarvis and Duncan 1974, Jamieson and Reid 1975. Arachidonic acid (20:4) was for long the only lipid componetit of ferns that was known to be absent in seed plants (Schlenk and Gellerman 1965), but recently diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS) was demonstrated to be an importatit and ubiquitous acyl lipid in ferns Furuya 1983, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The composition of lipids and fatty acids determined at various stages of haploid and diploid generations in the fern Adiantum capillus‐veneris

Sato

Furuya

1984

Physiologia Plantarum

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Sato, N. and Furuya, M. 1984. The composition of iipids and fatty acids determined at various stages of haploid and diploid generations in the fern Adiantum capillusveneris. -Pfaysiol. Plant. 62: 139-147.The composition of lipids and fatty adds was determined at various developmental stages of gametophytes and sporophytes in the fern Adiantum capUlus-veneris L. When the lipid content was expressed per g fresh weight, triacylglycerol was a major reserve lipid in spores and remained the dominant Upid in the gametophytes up to the 15th day after germination, but it was a minor one in the pinnae of sporophytes. In contrast, triterpenoids were abundant in sporophytes but not detected in gametophytes. When the content of fatty acids was expressed in percentage of the total fatty acids, the content of arachidonic acid in phosphatidyicholine and linolenie acid in diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine and phosphatidyicholine was significantly higher in both pinnae and petioles of sporophytes than in gametophytes. Significant differences in fatty acid compmsition of phosphatidylethanolamine, phospfjatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and triacylglycerol were also noted between gametophytes and pinnae of sporophytes. All these differences were attributed to the difference of generation rather than tissue differences or age. The content of monogalactosyldiaeylglycerol, hexadecatrienoic acid in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, and 3-lrans hexadecenoic acid in phosphatidyiglycerol was higher in the pinnae of sporophytes than in gametophytes or in young leaves of sporophytes. Electron microscopy of the ultrastructure of chloroplasts indicated that the high content of these components was consistent with the development of chloroplasts in pinnae.Additional key words -Chloroplast, development, fern gametophyte, fern sporophyte, life cycle, triterpenoid. A*. Sato (reprint requests) and M. Furuya,

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“…A parallel series of events also has been detected in non-green spores of D. filix-mas (7). Other investigators (12,20) (3,9,24). In greening cotyledons, the appearance of GO activity coincides with the development of photosynthetic activity (3,15,24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of Fern Spore Germination

DeMaggio¹,

Greene²,

Stetler³

1980

Plant Physiol.

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In chlorophyll-containin spores of Onoclea sensibdis, depletion of Upid reserves during germination is correlated with increases in the activity of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes isocitrate lyase and malate synthase. In Onocka, the heterotrophic activity associated with Upid catabolism occurs at the same time that autotrophic activity is taking place. Increases in chlorophyll content and in the activity of glycolate oxidase were recorded during the earliest stages of spore germination. In this species, there is no temporal separation of heterotrophic and autotrophic reactions. Concurrent increases in glyoxylate and glycolate cycle activities appear to occur naturally.Considerable information is available concerning the biochemistry of seed germination (2, 9), but comparable information is lacking for fern spore germination. Recent evidence from this laboratory indicated that glyoxylate cycle enzymes were active during germination of spores of the fern Dryopterisfilix-mas (7).In this species, there was a direct correlation between increases in activity of both isocitrate lysase and malate synthase and the hydrolysis of lipid reserves. As the spore coat ruptured and the photosynthetic prothallus developed, activity of glyoxylate enzymes ceased and an increase in activity ofglycolate cycle enzymes was noted (A. E. DeMaggio, unpublished data). The shift from glyoxylate to glycolate metabolism is similar to that occurring during the germination of cucurbit seeds and is characterized by the successive participation of the two unique sets of enzymes (3,24). The transition from a heterotrophic to an autotrophic pattern of development would appear to be similar in fatty seeds and spores.There are, however, species offerns that produce Chl-containing spores and, for these, a different nutritional pattern characterizes germination. Unlike non-green spores, these contain relatively plasts indicate that the spores are metabolically distinct from seeds and non-green spores. In this report we present evidence that enzymes of both glyoxylate and glycolate pathways function during spore germination in the light and exhibit simultaneous increases in activity. From these findings, it is suggested that heterotrophic and autotrophic reactions are not temporally separated during germination of Onoclea spores but occur concurrently.MATERIALS AND METHODS 0. sensibilis sporophylls were collected in Hanover, NH, during the spring, 1978. Spores were shaken from air-dried sporophylls and sporangia, sifted through lens paper, and refrigerated at 5 C until used. Spores (100 mg) were shaken in H20, to which a drop of Aerosol O.T. (Fisher Scientific Co., Fairlawn, NJ) had been added, and spread on wet filter paper in a Petri dish to germinate. Dishes were maintained in a room at 25 C and exposed daily to a 12-h light period of 250 ft-c provided by a combination of incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Ungerminated spores and spores germinated for specific lengths of time were collected, blotted between filter paper, and weighed and aliquot...

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Mobilization of reserve lipids in germinating spores of the fern Anemia phyllitidis l.

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Circular Forms of DNA Synthesized by Rous Sarcoma Virus in Vitro

Circular Forms of DNA Synthesized by Rous Sarcoma Virus in Vitro

The composition of lipids and fatty acids determined at various stages of haploid and diploid generations in the fern Adiantum capillus‐veneris

Biochemistry of Fern Spore Germination

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