Mock embryo transfer in early luteal phase, the cycle before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a descriptive study

Knutzen, Victor K.; Stratton, Clifford J.; Sher, Geoffrey; McNamee, Philip I.; Huang, Tian-Sen; Soto-Albors, Carlos E.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)54793-1

Cited by 115 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the present study, we found that ART treatment was significantly more common in OP patients than in TP and IUP patients, suggesting ART as an OP risk factor. Several theories have been proposed to explain why ART is a risk factor for OP: (1) large volume and high pressure of culture medium injected during embryo transfer, difficult ET and manipulation with tissue forceps [ 23 ]; (2) reverse migration of the transferred embryos toward the fallopian tube and implantation in the ovary after deep deposition in the uterine cavity [ 24 , 25 ]; (3) high estrogen stimulates uterine contraction and gonadotropin stimulates ovarian enlargement, thus contributing to the development of OP [ 26 , 27 ]. Although all these mechanisms explain how OP occurs after IVF-ET, the mechanism underlying the higher OR of OP than TP in women who underwent ART remains elusive and requires further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical analysis of women with ovarian pregnancy: a retrospective case–control study

Liu

Yang

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background To address the clinical features and potential risk factors of ovarian pregnancy (OP). Methods In this retrospective case–control study performed in West China Second University Hospital from March 17, 2005 to December 8, 2018, 146 OP patients were selected as a case group, 292 patients with tubal pregnancy (TP) and 292 women with intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) were matched as controls at a ratio of 1:2:2. Results When compared with TP patients, OP patients tend to have worse clinical complications (hemorrhagic shock (7.41% vs 2.89%), rupture of pregnancy sac (54.07% vs 37.78%), hemoperitoneum (363.1 ± 35.46 ml vs 239.3 ± 27.61 ml) and increased need for emergency laparotomy (9.60% vs 3.97%) at an early gestational age. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) (adjusted OR1 2.08, 95%CI 1.04 to 4.18; adjusted OR2 2.59, 95%CI 1.25 to 5.37) and intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) use (adjusted OR1 2.19, 95%CI 1.10 to 4.36; adjusted OR2 2.77, 95%CI 1.74 to 5.71) may be risk factors for ovarian ectopic pregnancy as compared to the control groups of TP and IUP patients. Conclusions OP patients tend to have more severe clinical complications and this study has identified ART and IUD use as potential risk factors for OP. Results of this study may contribute to improve the understanding of OP and promote early surgical intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical analysis of women with ovarian pregnancy: a retrospective case–control study

Liu

Yang

et al. 2022

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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“…Several attempts have been made to overcome such situations as cervical stenosis, where difficult transfers are expected. These include trying with a mock or dummy embryo catheter before ET [ 4 , 11 ], straightening the cervicouterine angle by pulling the cervix with a tenaculum or passive filling the bladder [ 12 , 13 ], or using ultrasonographic guidance during the ET [ 14 ]. In addition, when cervical dilatation method was performed during an ovum pick–up [ 15 ], at the initial visit in an IVF-ET cycle (approximately 2 weeks before ET) [ 16 ], 1–3 months before ET [ 17 ], or using laminaria tents [ 18 ], ET became easier and the pregnancy rate improved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Administration of oxytocin antagonist at the same time as using a Foley catheter with cotton swab before embryo transfer for cervical stenosis

Chae

2021

BMC Women's Health

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Background Embryo transfer without difficulty in a patient with cervical stenosis can be a great challenge for in vitro fertilization (IVF). We report a successful pregnancy following a frozen thawed embryo transfer after administration of an oxytocin antagonist at the same time as using a Foley catheter with cotton swab in a patient with refractory cervical stenosis. Case presentation A 40-year-old woman undergoing IVF. The patient’s previous embryo transfers were difficult. For every transfer, uterine manipulation was needed, force was required, and dilatation was necessary. A Foley catheter with a cotton swab was inserted into the cervical canal, atosiban was administered at the same time, and the Foley catheter was removed immediately before embryo transfer. A smooth transfer was performed without bleeding, force, uterine manipulation, or cervical dilator. The patient became pregnant and delivered by cesarean section at term. Conclusion This method is effective in performing atraumatic embryo transfer in patients with cervical stenosis.

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“…A more concrete advise about the speed of the transferred catheter load is only made by Eytan et al [30], who concluded that the catheter should deliver the load gently over a period of ≥10 s. Also, there is still no consensus about the most optimal depth of embryo placement. In early times, it was reported to position the embryo(s) 0.5 cm from the endometrial fundus [31,32,33]. In later years, studies conclude to position the embryo(s) 2 cm from the endometrial fundus [13,18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryo Transfer with Controlled Injection Speed to Increase Pregnancy Rates: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Caanen

Houwen²,

Schats³

et al. 2016

Gynecol Obstet Invest

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Background/Aims: Catheter injection speed affects depth and placement of the embryo into the uterine cavity and is shown to be highly variable in, and between, subjects in a manually performed embryo transfer. In an effort to standardize the injection speed during embryo transfer, we developed an automated transfer pump: the pump-regulated embryo transfer (PRET) device. In this randomized controlled trial, we aimed to investigate if standardization of the injection speed and pressure with this PRET results in a better controlled positioning of the transferred embryo(s). Methods: Five hundred ninety-nine in-vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection/frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles were randomly assigned to the PRET or manual transfer. Positioning of the embryo(s) into the uterine cavity was measured with ultrasound. Results: The PRET device generates a significantly smaller variance of the positioning of the embryo(s) into the uterine cavity. This resulted in an ongoing pregnancy rate of 21% in the PRET versus 17% in the manual (p = 0.22) transfer group; frozen-thawed embryo transfers resulted in 17.5 versus 10.9% (p = 0.097), respectively. Conclusion: The PRET results in better controlled positioning of the embryo(s), and it also gives the opportunity to standardize embryo transfer. Whether the PRET may positively influence pregnancy rates, needs to be investigated in a multicenter trial.

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Mock embryo transfer in early luteal phase, the cycle before in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer: a descriptive study

Cited by 115 publications

References 3 publications

Clinical analysis of women with ovarian pregnancy: a retrospective case–control study

Clinical analysis of women with ovarian pregnancy: a retrospective case–control study

Administration of oxytocin antagonist at the same time as using a Foley catheter with cotton swab before embryo transfer for cervical stenosis

Embryo Transfer with Controlled Injection Speed to Increase Pregnancy Rates: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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