MOCVD growth of CdO very thin films: Problems and ways of solution

Effect of Growth Temperature on the Structural and Morphological Properties of MgCdO Thin Films Grown by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

“…The observation of Cd-rich structures with disordered morphology links with the results of de XRD analysis in which, at those temperatures, the presence of both Cd 1– x Mg x O and Mg 1– x Cd x O phases has been observed. The particular morphology with nondefined shape of the Cd-rich phase seems to be related to the desorption process that happens when CdO is grown at temperatures beyond 400 °C worsening noticeably its structural and morphological quality . In spite of this, it is worth to note that our structures present a preferred orientation in the (111) direction in the XRD patterns.…”

“…When both phases are present, this behavior is disturbed and it seems to be a competition between them to incorporate foreign ions into the host matrix. This competition process between both phases can be explained by the desorption process of the CdO phase at temperatures beyond 400 °C . Thus, a Cd-rich phase with a significant desorption ratio at 450 °C and with a higher one at 500 °C can be inferred.…”

“…First of all, at temperatures beyond 550 °C, there is only a Mg 1– x Cd x O single-phase; in the region of temperatures between 450 and 500 °C Cd 1– x Mg x O and Mg 1– x Cd x O phases coexist, both with a preferred orientation in the direction (111), and finally at temperatures up to 400 °C a Cd 1– x Mg x O single-phase can be observed. That is, as we decrease the growth temperature from temperatures near the one of growing MgO (temperature beyond 550 °C , ) toward better temperature growth conditions for CdO (best growth temperature for CdO layers using MOCVD is around 360 °C , ), we obtain different phases keeping constant the (111) crystallographic direction of the compound.…”

Short-Period CdO/MgO Superlattices as Cubic CdMgO Quasi-Alloys

“…Many methods have been adopted to grow CdO films such as spray pyrolysis, sputtering, pulsed laser deposition, metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), sol–gel, , etc. Cadmium-containing thin films are used in a wide (large) variety of applications such as photovoltaic active layers, gas sensors, and others. , The extensive use of TCOs as transparent electrodes in many advanced technology applications has led to intense investigations of their physical, chemical, and optoelectronic nature.…”

“…Many methods have been adopted to grow CdO films such as spray pyrolysis, 3 sputtering, 4 pulsed laser deposition, 5 metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), 6 sol−gel, 7,8 etc. Cadmium-containing thin films are used in a wide (large) variety of applications such as photovoltaic active layers, 9 gas sensors, 10 and others.…”