Modal Subordination

Roberts, Craige

doi:10.1002/9781118788516.sem102

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Migration of neutrophils into the blood circulation to inflammatory sites occurs within minutes and peaks within 1–2 days in zebrafish and Korean catfish (Martin & Feng, 2009; Yu et al, 2010). Neutrophilia precedes the arrival of monocytes from the circulatory system to the inflammatory site (Roberts, 2012). Few studies have reported the presence of eosinophil and basophils in L. calcarifer, and this concurs with our observations (Talpur & Ikhwanuddin, 2012, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The haematology of clinically healthy, farmed juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch)—reference intervals, and indicators of subclinical disease

Chew

Gibson-Kueh

2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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This study establishes the blood reference intervals (RIs) for clinically healthy and farmed juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), within 4–6 weeks after stocking into flow‐through, marine aquaculture systems. The 90% percentile RIs (n = 156, mean bodyweight 41.8 g) are as follows: glucose (GLU) 2.4–11.3 mmol/L, haematocrit (Hct) 18.9%–39.2%, haemoglobin concentration (Hb) 56.0–85.0 g/L, total plasma protein (TPP) 56.0–77.0 g/L, total red blood cell (RBC) count 4.1–11.2 × 1012/L, total white blood cell (WBC) count 5.3–69.9 × 109/L, total lymphocytes 4.7–51.4 × 109/L, monocytes 0.3–16.2 × 109/L and heterophils count 0.6–8.4 × 109/L. Pearson's method analysis showed weak but significantly positive correlations between fish bodyweight and Hct, Hb, TPP and total RBC count (p < 0.05). Histopathology of 42 of the 156 clinically healthy fish used to derive the RIs, with blood values within the 90% percentile range, did not exhibit any abnormal pathology. In contrast, histopathology from a different group of clinically healthy L. calcarifer (n = 72, mean bodyweight 31.3 g) with blood values falling outside of these established 90% percentile RIs showed that 25% of these fish had severe, chronic granulomatous enteritis, and 13% had severely depleted lipid stores in their liver. Point biserial correlation analysis of blood values from this second group of 72 fish showed that elevated total WBC, monocyte and heterophil counts and reduced Hct levels are significantly associated (p < 0.05) with the occurrence of severe, chronic granulomatous enteritis and depleted lipid stores in their liver. Reduced blood GLU and TPP levels in the second group of fish were significantly associated with fish that had depleted lipid stores in liver (p < 0.05), corroborating a period of malnutrition. This study is among the first to establish blood RIs for clinically healthy, farmed juvenile L. calcarifer and detection of subclinical diseases in fish to support early intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The haematology of clinically healthy, farmed juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch)—reference intervals, and indicators of subclinical disease

Chew

Gibson-Kueh

2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…It is important to note that teleosts are poikilothermic vertebrates that adjust to the surrounding temperature. Thus, sea water plays a significant role in influencing the rate inflammation and repair, even during chronic granulomatous inflammation (Le Morvan et al, 1998; Roberts, 2012; Timur et al, 1977). Our study ended in August, during a period with relatively high seawater temperature (C°), whereas the final sampling in the study of Bjørgen et al, 2019 took place in December when seawater temperatures were lower.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red and melanized focal changes in white skeletal muscle in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Comparative analysis of farmed, wild and hybrid fish reared under identical conditions

Brimsholm,

Fjelldal,

Hansen

et al. 2023

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Selective breeding plays a vital role in the production of farmed Atlantic salmon and has shown success in many aspects. Still, challenges related to fish health and welfare continue to result in significant economic losses. One such challenge is red and melanized focal changes (RFC/MFC), which result from acute and chronic inflammation, respectively, in the skeletal muscle. Importantly, RFC/MFC has not been observed in wild Atlantic salmon, suggesting that both external and genetic factors may contribute to the development of inflammation. To investigate the underlying cause of RFC/MFC, we conducted a study involving 1854 Atlantic salmon of farmed, wild and hybrid origin. All fish were reared under identical conditions to minimize the influence of external factors. Throughout the production cycle, the fish was monitored for growth parameters and examined for RFC/MFC using macroscopic and histological analysis. We found no association between the experimental groups and the presence of RFC/MFC. Histological investigations revealed melano‐macrophages in the soft tissue in freshwater smolt, although no macroscopic discoloration was observed. MFC showed granulomas in various stages, suggesting a complex progression of the condition. In summary, we conclude that RFC/MFC is primarily caused by external factors found in the rearing facilities of farmed Atlantic salmon.

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“…Loss of appetite Fish refuse to eat and/or lose interest in food (anorexia) [12,17,[19][20][21] Abnormal swimming (Erratic swimming) Loss of consistency, regularity and/or uniformity in movement; fish swimming in different directions [17,22] Hyperpigmentation and/or darkened skin Fingerlings show an excess of melanin pigmentation in the skin, giving them a darker color [1,9,12,23]…”

Section: Behavior or Clinical Sign Definition Reference(s)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nasal Epithelium as a Route of Infection and Clinical Signs Changes, in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fingerlings Infected with Aeromonas spp

et al. 2021

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The genus Aeromonas is a group of bacteria that is widely distributed in water bodies and belongs to the normal intestinal microbiota of aquatic and terrestrial animals. In the present work, rainbow trout fingerlings were experimentally infected by an immersion bath with different Aeromonas species. Subsequently, the behavior of the infected groups was observed and recorded. Infected fingerlings were evaluated by histopathology. The highest percentages of hyperpigmentation (18.88%) and inappetence (47.7%) were observed in fish infected with A. salmonicida, while abnormal swimming (83.33%) was recorded in fish infected with A. bestiarum. In histopathological findings, the highest percentages were observed in the olfactory epithelium (50.0%) for A. lusitana and A. salmonicida (41.1%)-infected fish. While, in the nervous system, the cerebral hemispheres (31.1%) in A. media-infected fish and the oblongata medulla (40.0%) in the A. bestiarum-infected fish presented the highest percentages. Meanwhile, A. salmonicida and A. bestiarum have the highest pathogenicity and virulence based on the histopathological findings in the olfactory epithelium and nervous system. Due to the proximity of the olfactory epithelium with the nervous tissue, it is possible that the infection generated by the Aeromonas species and the histopathological findings in the nervous tissue are reflected in different behavioral changes that suggest differences in the pathogenicity and virulence of the bacteria.

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Modal Subordination

Cited by 8 publications

References 49 publications

The haematology of clinically healthy, farmed juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch)—reference intervals, and indicators of subclinical disease

The haematology of clinically healthy, farmed juvenile Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch)—reference intervals, and indicators of subclinical disease

Red and melanized focal changes in white skeletal muscle in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Comparative analysis of farmed, wild and hybrid fish reared under identical conditions

The Nasal Epithelium as a Route of Infection and Clinical Signs Changes, in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fingerlings Infected with Aeromonas spp

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