Mode detection of misaligned orbital angular momentum beams based on convolutional neural network

Zhao, Qingsong; Hao, Shuai; Wang, Yong; Wang, Lei; Wan, Xiongfeng; Xu, Chengcheng

doi:10.1364/ao.57.010152

Cited by 48 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Since the FSO channel is typically slow fading and bursty, not all FEC codes are effective at combating the effects of turbulence. There has been some use of machine learning for mode detection, generally making use of OAM superpositions to create an identifiable "petal" structure, but these techniques have not yet been applied to communications (for instance in soft decision decoding) [124], [233], [234].…”

Section: Impact On Optical Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Light in Turbulence

Cox

Mphuthi

Nape

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

114

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Optical communication is an integral part of the modern economy, having all but replaced electronic communication systems. Future growth in bandwidth appears to be on the horizon using structured light, encoding information into the spatial modes of light, and transmitting them down fibre and free-space, the latter crucial for addressing last mile and digitally disconnected communities. Unfortunately, patterns of light are easily distorted, and in the case of free-space optical communication, turbulence is a significant barrier. Here we review recent progress in structured light in turbulence, first with a tutorial style summary of the core concepts, before highlighting the present state-of-the-art in the field. We support our review with new experimental studies that reveal which types of structured light are best in turbulence, the behaviour of vector versus scalar light in turbulence, the trade-off of diversity and multiplexing, and how turbulence models can be exploited for enhanced optical signal processing protocols. This comprehensive treatise will be invaluable to the large communities interested in free-space optical communication with spatial modes of light.

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Section: Impact On Optical Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Light in Turbulence

Cox

Mphuthi

Nape

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

114

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“…For a 16-ary HG scheme, most of the modes achieved an accuracy of more than 90%. However, for some modes, such as HG 22 and HG 33 , the identification accuracy is less than 90%.…”

Section: Classification Accuracymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Similarly, authors of [21] proposed using a CNN-based algorithm for joint turbulence impairment detection and mode demodulation. Zhao et al further demonstrated the potential of a CNN method for the detection of OAM modes subject to turbulence and misalignment, using simulated data [22]. Turbulence regression CNN is reported in [23], where the estimated turbulence impairment is fed back to the transmitter in order to achieve impairment-free transmission of OAM modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying structured light modes in a desert environment using machine learning algorithms

et al. 2020

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The unique orthogonal shapes of structured light beams have attracted researchers to use as information carriers. Structured light-based free space optical communication is subject to atmospheric propagation effects such as rain, fog, and rain, which complicate the mode demultiplexing process using conventional technology. In this context, we experimentally investigate the detection of Laguerre Gaussian and Hermite Gaussian beams under dust storm conditions using machine learning algorithms. Different algorithms are employed to detect various structured light encoding schemes including the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN), support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbor. We report an identification accuracy of 99% under a visibility level of 9 m. The CNN approach is further used to estimate the visibility range of a dusty communication channel.

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“…Lohani and Glasser designed a feedback scheme based on CNNs to precorrect OAM profiles at the transmitter end before propagating through turbulent atmosphere, which significantly enhanced the identification process at the receiver end [303]. Authors in [304] proposed the use of CNN to detect OAM beams subject to turbulence and misalignment errors between the transmitter and the receiver.…”

Section: Machine Learning-based Oam Recovery Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

Trichili

Park

Zghal

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

191

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Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication systems has been recently suggested as a versatile technique to address future bandwidth issues. We review the potentials of harnessing the space as an additional degree of freedom for communication applications including free space optics, optical fiber installation, underwater wireless optical links, on-chip interconnects, data center indoor connections, radio frequency and acoustic communications. We focus on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and equally identify the challenges related to each of the applications of spatial modes and the particular OAM modes in communication. We further discuss the perspectives of this emerging technology. Finally, we provide the open research directions and we discuss the practical deployment of OAM communication links for different applications. ). 4 in the future. We also summarize the open problems and the future research directions. A discussion of the practicability and cost of multi-OAM communication is also included. II. OAM POTENTIALS A. Free Space Optical CommunicationFSO is a license free wireless communication configuration that has recently received much interest for a variety of applications. FSO is an attractive solution for last mile connectivity problems, particularly for communication networks, when the installation of fiber optics is costly or not possible [66]. FSO can be also used to establish inter-building secure communication, and can be deployed as a backup to optical fibers. Wireless optical communication can guarantee a line-of-sight (LoS) high bit rate wireless transmission over long distances, up to several kilometers. Furthermore, FSO communication is considered as a promising technique to scale down bandwidth challenges in future 5G networks [67].Multiple wavelength FSO provides better transmission, as demonstrated in [68], [69]. Data can be mapped on advanced modulation formats to achieve high bit rates and high spectral efficiency levels [70]- [72]. Another option is multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) FSO communication in which multiple lasers are positioned to transmit Gaussian beams to multiple receiving apertures [73]. Over the last few years, it has been proven that it is possible to transmit information over spatially structured light beams [21], [74], [75] including OAM beams and plane waves. Our focus is on the OAM modes of light.The first PoC communication experiment incorporating OAMs in free space was carried out in 2004 by Gibson and co-workers [21]. Over a 15-meter long link, 8 -spaced values were chosen along the Gaussian beam as an alphabet for the communication. OAM beams were generated and detected using two light modulators. Since then, much progress has been made and free space transmission capacity of over 1 Tbit/s is, today, possible [76]- [78]. By performing three dimensional multiplexing, Huang and co-workers were able to attain a 100 Tbi...

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Mode detection of misaligned orbital angular momentum beams based on convolutional neural network

Cited by 48 publications

References 21 publications

Structured Light in Turbulence

Structured Light in Turbulence

Identifying structured light modes in a desert environment using machine learning algorithms

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

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