Mode-Locked Two-Photon States

Lu, Yao; Campbell, R. L.; Ou, Z. Y.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.91.163602

Cited by 103 publications

(117 citation statements)

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confidence: 98%

“…We demonstrate a full control over the constructive or destructive character of the recurrent fourth-order interferences by means of a tuning of the etalon cavity in an easy and simply predictable way. This type of measurement has been recently discussed in a theoretical paper by Peřina [7] and a somewhat related experiment with so-called mode-locked two-photon states has also been recently reported by Lu et al [8].The etalon cavity is characterized by a comb-like spectral transmission function, with peaks equally spaced by the free-spectral-range (FSR), corresponding to the inverse of the cavity round-trip time T (1/F SR = T = 2d/c, where d is the mirror separation and c the speed of light). If the bandwidth of the down-converted photons is larger than the cavity FSR, several transmission modes of the resonator are simultaneously excited by the incoming field, and the output signal spectrum acquires a comb-like structure made of different peaks.…”

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Recurrent fourth-order interference dips and peaks with a comblike two-photon entangled state

Zavatta¹,

Viciani²,

Bellini³

2004

Phys. Rev. A

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We demonstrate full selective control over the constructive or destructive character of fourth-order recurrent interferences in a modified version of a Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometer using comb-like two-photon states. The comb spectral/temporal structure is obtained by inserting an etalon cavity in the signal path of an entangled photon pair obtained by pulsed spontaneous parametric downconversion. Both a simple qualitative discussion and a complete theoretical derivation are used to explain and analyze the experimental data.PACS numbers: 42.50. Dv, 03.65.Ud In the original scheme by Hong, Ou, and Mandel (HOM) [1] two single photons from a spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) pair are sent to two input ports of a beam-splitter (BS) and coincidences are observed between the detection events on two detectors placed at the BS output ports. While varying the relative phase delay between the two beams, one can observe a dip in the coincidence signal when such a delay is shorter than the coherence time of the downconverted photons. This fourth-order interference effect takes place when two photons in the same mode arrive simultaneously at BS and can also be observed when they are emitted independently by a single-photon device [2]. However, when an entangled two-photon state is considered, it is the indistinguishability between two two-photon amplitudes leading to the same detector "firing scheme" that gives rise to fourth-order interferences, and this may happen even if the two single photons arrive at BS at two different times (with a delay which can be much longer than their coherence time) and follow two distinguishable optical paths to reach the detectors. The interference will be either destructive or constructive, resulting in a dip or a peak in the coincidence signal, depending on the phase difference between these two two-photon amplitudes, as first observed by the group of Shih [3,4,5,6].Here, by using comb-like entangled states in a modified version of the HOM setup, we are able to force the concurrent contribution of both (HOM-and Shih-type) kinds of interferences to the generation of finely controllable dips or peaks in a recurrent pattern. A variable delay line is inserted in the idler path while an etalon cavity is placed in the other beam path and modifies the temporal structure of the signal photon wavepacket. The two photon wavepackets are then mixed at BS and coincidence events between detectors D 1 and D 2 at its output ports are measured while scanning the delay line (see Fig.1 for a simplified scheme of the experiment). We demonstrate a full control over the constructive or destructive character of the recurrent fourth-order interferences by means of a tuning of the etalon cavity in an easy and simply predictable way. This type of measurement has been recently discussed in a theoretical paper by Peřina [7] and a somewhat related experiment with so-called mode-locked two-photon states has also been recently reported by Lu et al. [8].The etalon cavity is characterized by a comb-like spec...

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confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

Recurrent fourth-order interference dips and peaks with a comblike two-photon entangled state

Zavatta¹,

Viciani²,

Bellini³

2004

Phys. Rev. A

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“…In recent years, generation of entangled photons on chip has gained attention because of its reduced cost and compatibility with semiconductor foundries [2][3][4][5]. Despite Biphoton Frequency Combs (BFC) have been generated using cavity-filtered broadband biphotons [6] and cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down conversion [7], it was only recently that on-chip microresonators have been used to generate entangled photons in the form of a BFC [8][9][10]. These demonstrations suggest the use of chip-scale sources for high-dimensional quantum processing [11][12][13].…”

Section: Compiled June 13 2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent energy–time entanglement covering multiple resonances of an on-chip biphoton frequency comb

Jaramillo-Villegas

Imany

Odele

et al. 2017

Optica

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We investigate the time-frequency signatures of an on-chip biphoton frequency comb (BFC) generated from a silicon nitride microring resonator. Using a Franson interferometer, we examine, for the first time, the multifrequency nature of the photon pair source in a time entanglement measurement scheme; having multiple frequency modes from the BFC results in a modulation of the interference pattern. This measurement together with a Schmidt mode decomposition shows that the generated continuous variable energy-time entangled state spans multiple pair-wise modes. Additionally, we demonstrate nonlocal dispersion cancellation, a foundational concept in time-energy entanglement, suggesting the potential of the chip-scale BFC for large-alphabet quantum key distribution. © 2017 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited. Quantum information processing (QIP) promises to improve the security of our communications as well as to solve some algorithms with exponential complexity in polynomial time [1]. The fundamental unit of quantum information is based on a superposition of two states, the so-called qubit. It has been proposed to extend this concept to a superposition of many states (known as a high-dimensional state) for higher density information encodings, fault-tolerant quantum computing, and even for secure protocols in dense quantum key distribution.Entangled photon pairs have been demonstrated as one of the most promising platforms for implementing QIP systems. In recent years, generation of entangled photons on chip has gained attention because of its reduced cost and compatibility with semiconductor foundries [2][3][4][5]. Despite Biphoton Frequency Combs (BFC) have been generated using cavity-filtered broadband biphotons [6] and cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down conversion [7], it was only recently that on-chip microresonators have been used to generate entangled photons in the form of a BFC [8][9][10]. These demonstrations suggest the use of chip-scale sources for high-dimensional quantum processing [11][12][13]. However, studies such as [4, 9, 10] only focused on single sideband pairs-the multifrequency nature of their sources (important for high-dimensional quantum processing) was not explored. In this Letter, we present the first examination of the time-frequency signatures of an on-chip BFC generated from a silicon nitride microring resonator. Through Franson interferometry and a demonstration of nonlocal dispersion compensation, we are able to examine the multifrequency nature of our photon-pair source. Figure 1 is a depiction of our experimental setup. To generate our BFC, we use a tunable continuous-wave (CW) laser to pump a microring at the resonance located at the frequency ω p (λ p ∼ 1550.9 nm). Through spontaneous four-wave mixing process, two pump photons decay int...

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“…The theoretical predictions follow the calculations for mode-locked biphoton states [69,71,72], where 2N is the number of cavity frequency modes within the phase matching bandwidth with spacing ω F SR = 2πν F SR and the FWHM of each mode is ∆ω = 2π∆ν SP . For a frequency comb, as emitted by a multimode OPO, the spectrum amplitude function has the form:…”

Section: Hong-ou-mandel Interference: Indistinguishabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, most efforts to advance the field came out of China [44,45,48,70,71], Germany [29,50,52,[72][73][74][75] and Spain [31,[76][77][78][79], producing photon sources at various wavelengths resonant with atomic transitions in different memory schemes. During this time, new techniques for birefringence compensation and filtering were developed, resulting in higher spectral brightness, and passing the threshold to make OPO-based photon generation attractive for quantum information processing and quantum communication [1,4,6].…”

Section: A Brief History Of Narrowband Single Photon Sources From Spomentioning

confidence: 99%

Narrowband Single Photons for Light-Matter Interfaces

Rambach¹

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Quantum technologies are becoming the driving engine of physical innovations in the 21 st century, leading science and humanity onto a path towards a technological revolution. Early experiments have shown the enormous potential of this field, but after more than two decades, quantum technology is still without an outstanding candidate for its underlying architecture. The reason for this are specific inherent weaknesses, found in all quantum platforms available to date. For example, for photons, it is the difficulty to keep them stored locally and implement two-qubit gates due to their low interaction, while systems based on e.g. atoms or ions fall short on mobility and have a high experimental overhead, making them hard to transport. A promising path forward is hybridisation of quantum technologies, seeking to combine individual quantum architectures by transferring the information between two quantum systems of different type, harnessing their strengths, while circumnavigating their weaknesses.We want to benefit from the high mobility and ease of transmission of photons for quantum communication and exploit the excellent readout and storage capabilities of atomic qubits as a quantum memory. To realise this, efficient interaction between the two qubit carriers is necessary.The atomic transition usually has a much narrower bandwidth than single photons generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion (SPDC), the current gold standard of producing high-purity heralded single photons at flexible wavelengths. A high-quality interface of light particles with atoms therefore demands matching the spectral properties between the photons and the resonances of the atomic species. As the manipulation of atomic transitions is limited, the solution is to significantly reduce the single photon emission spectrum to fulfil the requirements. We achieve this is by performing the downconversion process inside an optical cavity in order to enhance the probability of creating the emitted pairs in the spectral and spatial resonator mode.Previous cavity-based SPDC sources have achieved bandwidths comparable to atomic linewidths, however, this is not sufficient to be merged with high-efficiency storage schemes. The atomic memory with the highest demonstrated storage and recall fidelity is the gradient echo memory (GEM) based on rubidium. To achieve these outstanding fidelities, GEM requires photons at sub-natural linewidths, e.g. sub-MHz for rubidium. Additionally, the operation time of most sources is divided into stabilisation and photon production phases, resulting in typical duty cycles < 50%. The so far narrowest photons from SPDC have bandwidths still well above a MHz and only a few sources have demonstrated 100% duty cycle.In this thesis, I realise an efficient light-matter interface to be used with a rubidium-based GEM. My source offers 100% duty cycle generation of sub-MHz single photon pairs at the rubidium D 1 line using cavity-enhanced SPDC. I introduce a new technique -the "flip-trick" i -using a half-wave plate ...

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Mode-Locked Two-Photon States

Cited by 103 publications

References 20 publications

Recurrent fourth-order interference dips and peaks with a comblike two-photon entangled state

Recurrent fourth-order interference dips and peaks with a comblike two-photon entangled state

Persistent energy–time entanglement covering multiple resonances of an on-chip biphoton frequency comb

Narrowband Single Photons for Light-Matter Interfaces

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