This chapter discusses about methods used in simulation and modeling of radio frequency (RF)/microwave circuits and components. The main topic that is discussed here is about one of the most powerful methods, that is, artificial neural networks. In this chapter, different types of neural network such as dynamic and recurrent neural networks will be discussed. Other techniques that are popular in the area of microwave components simulation and modeling are numerical techniques such as vector fitting, Krylov method, and Pade approximation. At the end of the chapter, vector fitting as an example of numerical methods will be discussed.Keywords: artificial neural networks, circuit simulation and modeling, transient analysis, function approximation, RF/microwave circuits
IntroductionIn recent years, ascending development of wireless communication products and huge trend for commercial market in this ground caused significant improvement in modeling and simulation approaches of radio frequency (RF) and microwave circuits. Such high-frequency circuits are leading to the development of a large variety of microwave models for passive and active devices and circuit components [1]. Modeling and computer-aided design (CAD) methods have an essential role in microwave designs and simulations [2]. The older approaches were mainly based on slow trial-and-error processes and an emphasis on performance at any price, but today seems to be a new era in high-frequency circuit design and modeling, since development in this ground has enabled microwave engineers to design larger, more efficient, and more complicated circuits than before [1,3]. This complexity requires new materials and technologies that require not only new models but also new © 2017 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.algorithms in computer-aided design [4] for RF/microwave circuits, antennas, and systems to keep up with the advancement of technology with emphasis on time-to-market and low-cost approaches [1,3]. In addition to accurate parametric-modeling techniques to describe the behavior of the microwave device, a reliable description that explains the changes of its behavior against geometrical or physical parameters is also needed [5].Also, since circuit models at high frequencies often lack fidelity, detailed electromagnetic (EM) simulation techniques are needed to improve design accuracy. Although EM simulation techniques are heavily used yet, they are computationally expensive, so there is a demand for design methodologies to be not only accurate but also fast. Another concerning problem today is optimization. To meet this purpose, computer-based algorithms that work with iterative circuit evaluation are needed; this process also needs a highly repetitive computational process. Another concerning issue a...