Mode of action and determination of antioxidant activity in the dietary sources: An overview

Abstract

Determination of antioxidant/capacity in the dietary, food, drugs, and biological samples is an interesting approach for testing the safety of these compounds and for drug development. Investigating the google searching engines for the words (measurement + antioxidant + capacity) yielded more than 20 million results, which makes it very difficult to follow. Therefore, collecting the common methods to measure the antioxidant activity/capacity in the food products and biological samples will reduce the burden for both the students and researchers. Nowadays, it is widely accepted that a plant-based diet with a high intake of dietary sources such as vegetables, fruits, and other nutrient-rich plant foods may decrease the effect of oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review article, we have provided the most recent advances in the most common in vitro methods used for evaluating the antioxidant potential of numerous food products, plant extracts, and biological fluids. We have also provided detailed procedures on how to perform them and analyze the results. This review article shall be a comprehensive reference for all techniques used in this area.

Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review

“…These mixed mode tests are generally based on the elimination of a stable chromophore (like 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthyazolin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH)), where HAT, ET, and proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanisms may play different roles in varied proportions, depending on the corresponding reaction conditions (such as pH and solvent) [ 66 ]. Mixed mode tests (HAT/SET) mainly include the ABTS/Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) test, the DPPH radical neutralisation test, and the N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (DMPD) radical neutralisation test.…”

Radical scavenger competition of alizarin and curcumin: a mechanistic DFT study on antioxidant activity

“…Note that 6 had lower electronic energy than TS 6 -7 by 1.6 kcal mol −1 . We optimized 7 as a neutral species (8) and a reduced form (9) and was found that both the oxo heptacyclo derivative was more stable than 3 by 14.5 kcal mol −1 and the reduced form was also more stable than 4 by 24.1 kcal mol −1 . The oxidation products 3 and 8 are ether derivatives of tropolones which widely occur in nature [56] and can be synthesized from polyhydroxy benzene derivatives [57].…”

“…During the last decade, much research has been conducted examining the biological effects of free radicals [1][2][3][4][5][6] and antioxidants [7][8][9]. Free radicals are dangerous for living cells, and therefore compounds that can scavenge them are an interesting subject for experimentation [10].…”

Digestão >i<in vitro>/i< e transporte de polifenóis de própolis orgânica do Sul do Brasil por mmeio de células humanas Caco-2

“…glutationa peroxidase e superóxido desmutase) e não enzimáticos. Enquanto os antioxidantes de origem exógena podem ser comumente obtidos por meio da dieta (ALAM; BRISTI; RAFIQUZZAMAN, 2013;ALKADI, 2018;SIDDEEG et al, 2020), o que inclui compostos fenólicos, flavonoides, ácidos fenólicos, carotenoides, vitaminas e minerais (HE et al, 2017;NEHA et al, 2019).…”

“…Estas podem ocorrer pela inibição da síntese de radicais livres, pela captura dos radicais para que não haja reações em cadeia e consequente desbalanço na concentração de espécies reativas e através da restauração dos elétrons desemparelhados nos orbitais das moléculas dos radicais (NEHA et al, 2019). Diversos produtos naturais se apresentam como fontes promissoras contra o estresse oxidativo, devido à grande diversidade de compostos antioxidantes com capacidade para desativar espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio (SIDDEEG et al, 2020).Sendo assim, a suplementação alimentar utilizando fontes ricas em compostos antioxidantes apresentam diversos benefícios a saúde, incluindo a prevenção de doenças, como por exemplo o câncer e doenças neurodegenerativas (YANG et al, 2018).…”