Mode of Action of Condensed- and Gaseous-Phase Fire Retardation in Some Phosphorus-Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate- and Polystyrene-Based Bulk Polymers

Joseph, Paul; Arun, Malavika; Bigger, Stephen W.; Guerrieri, Maurice; Pospiech, Doris; Harnisch, Christina

doi:10.3390/polym13193402

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, the apparent values obtained in the present investigation, through a single heating rate, can be applied for comparative purposes amongst the various modified systems as against the virgin material with a degree of caution. The findings relating to the mode of action of the P-containing additives/reactive, in the gaseous- and condensed-phase, operating in these systems are published elsewhere [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Calorimetric Investigations of Some Phosphorus-Modified Chain Growth Polymers 1: Polymethyl Methacrylate

et al. 2022

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The thermal and calorimetric characterizations of polymethyl methacrylate-based polymers are reported in this paper. The modifying groups incorporated the phosphorus atom in various chemical environments, including oxidation states of III, or V. Both additive and reactive strategies were employed, where the loading of phosphorus was kept at 2 wt% in all cases. The plaques, obtained through the bulk polymerization route, were subjected to a variety of spectroscopic, thermal and combustion techniques. The results showed that the different modifying groups exerted varying nature, degrees and modes of combustion behaviors, which also included in some cases an additive, and even an antagonistic effect. In the case of covalently-bound phosphonate groups, early cracking of the pendent ester moieties was shown to produce phosphoric acid species, which in turn can act in the condensed phase. For the additives, such as phosphine and phosphine oxide, limited vapor-phase inhibition can be assumed to be operative.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Calorimetric Investigations of Some Phosphorus-Modified Chain Growth Polymers 1: Polymethyl Methacrylate

et al. 2022

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“…The extended validity of these values should be treated with caution, and that such values can only be treated as 'apparent' values at best. The mode of action pertaining to P-and P-N-containing groups on the combustion attributes of the parent polymer matrix has been recently published [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Calorimetric Investigations of Some Phosphorus-Modified Chain Growth Polymers 2: Polystyrene

et al. 2022

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In this paper, we report on the thermal degradation behaviours and combustion attributes of some polymers based on polystyrene (PSt). Here, both additive and reactive strategies were employed, through the bulk polymerization route, where the modifying groups incorporated P-atom in various chemical environments. These included oxidation states of III or V, and the loading of phosphorus was kept at ca. 2 wt.% in all cases. The characterization techniques that were employed for the recovered products included spectroscopic, thermal, and calorimetric. It was found that the presence of different modifying groups influenced the degradation characteristics of the base polymer, and also exerted varying degrees of combustion inhibition. In all cases, the modification of the base matrix resulted in a noticeable degree of fire retardance as compared to that of the virgin material. Therefore, some of the modifications presented have the potential to be explored on a commercial scale.

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“…The solid-state NMR ( 31 P with CP/MAS mode) spectrum of the char residue was obtained by employing a 500 MHz Bruker machine at ambient probe conditions, typically at 10 kHz rotor speed, and the signals were calibrated against phosphoric acid as the external calibrant. The raw data were then processed by using a proprietary software from the manufacturer (TopSpin 4.0.6) [26,27].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Fire Protection of Taeda pine Wood by Using Starch-Based Surface Coatings

Tretsiakova-McNally¹,

Douarin²,

Joseph

et al. 2021

Polymers

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The present paper reports the preliminary results relating to the development, subsequent application, and testing of environmentally benign starch-based formulations for passive fire protection of wood substrates. This study evaluated the effectiveness of starch colloid coatings applied onto the wood surface with a view to improving its performance when exposed to the external heat flux (35 kW/m2) during cone calorimetric tests. The formulations were prepared from aqueous colloid solutions of either starch alone, or in combination with inorganic salts, such as: sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, potassium carbonate, K2CO3, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, (NH4)2HPO4. The fire performance of Taeda pine wood samples, where their top surfaces were treated with these formulations, was compared with the control sample. The thermal and combustion characteristics of the tested samples were determined with the aid of thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), bomb and cone calorimetric techniques, and a steady state tube furnace coupled to an FT-IR spectrometer. A significant boost of fire protection was observed when starch formulations with added inorganic salts were applied onto the wood surfaces, compared with the control sample. For example, the presence of K2CO3 in starch colloid solutions resulted in a notable delay of the ignition and exhibited a reduction in the heat release parameters in comparison with the untreated wood substrate.

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Mode of Action of Condensed- and Gaseous-Phase Fire Retardation in Some Phosphorus-Modified Polymethyl Methacrylate- and Polystyrene-Based Bulk Polymers

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Thermal and Calorimetric Investigations of Some Phosphorus-Modified Chain Growth Polymers 1: Polymethyl Methacrylate

Thermal and Calorimetric Investigations of Some Phosphorus-Modified Chain Growth Polymers 1: Polymethyl Methacrylate

Thermal and Calorimetric Investigations of Some Phosphorus-Modified Chain Growth Polymers 2: Polystyrene

Passive Fire Protection of Taeda pine Wood by Using Starch-Based Surface Coatings

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