Mode of action studies on the formation of enamel minerals from a novel toothpaste containing calcium silicate and sodium phosphate salts

An interproximal model to determine the erosion-protective effect of calcium silicate, sodium phosphate, fluoride formulations

“…The additional protection of the calcium silicate and sodium phosphate salts and fluoride containing toothpaste versus the SMFP control toothpaste observed in both studies is most likely due to the deposition and retention of calcium silicate particles onto the enamel surfaces [14,16]. The protective effects of a toothpaste formulation containing calcium silicate, sodium phosphate salts and fluoride versus control toothpaste formulations have been previously confirmed in a series of in vitro studies [9].…”

“…The enhanced protection provided in the second study by the addition of the dual-phase gel may be due to a number of factors including, the effect of greater available fluoride levels provided from sodium fluoride aiding in the prevention of further demineralization [23] and the longer contact time provided by the dual-phase gel product to the enamel surface leading to more effective delivery and retention of calcium silicate particles to the enamel surfaces. Previous work by Parker et al [14] and Sun et al [16] have shown that calcium silicate is deposited onto sound and acid etched enamel and transforms into HAP but it appears that calcium silicate deposits to a larger extent onto etched enamel than sound enamel. This may explain the greater protection from the combined toothpaste and dual-phase gel in the second study as it promotes the repair of demineralized enamel to a greater extent than the toothpaste alone [8,9].…”

“…The protective effects of calcium silicate may be due to a number of possible mechanisms. For example, calcium silicate can release calcium ions into the surrounding oral fluids under acidic conditions and by raising the local calcium concentration will increase the degree of saturation with respect to enamel hydroxyapatite (HAP) and inhibit dissolution [1,16]. Calcium silicate may act as a chemical barrier where its pH buffering capabilities will inhibit localized pH drop and subsequent acid damage to enamel, or it may act as a physical barrier.…”

“…Calcium silicate may act as a chemical barrier where its pH buffering capabilities will inhibit localized pH drop and subsequent acid damage to enamel, or it may act as a physical barrier. Furthermore, calcium silicate has the ability to nucleate HAP which can shift the equilibrium towards remineralization and result in overall reduction in enamel mineral loss [14,16]. In addition, the nucleated HAP may act as a sacrificial material to the enamel during acid exposure.…”

“…The system involves the use of a calcium silicate and sodium phosphate salts plus fluoride containing toothpaste, in conjunction with a dual-phase gel used for 3 consecutive days, once a month. Enamel is protected and repaired through the deposition of calcium silicate which facilitates the nucleation of hydroxyapatite (HAP), the predominant mineral in teeth [14,16]. Tooth mineral loss from acid challenges has been shown to be significantly decreased by the application of calcium silicate and by the combined use of calcium silicate and fluoride [8,9,13].…”