Trehalose-tethered monomeric and dimeric berberines were synthesized in 50% and 30% from the reaction of berberrubine with 6-tosyl-α,α'-trehalose and 6,6'-ditosyl-α,α'-trehalose, respectively, and fully characterized by MS (HR and ESI) and NMR ( 1 H,
13C, COSY and HSQC). Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric titrations indicated that compared with berberine, trehalose-tethered monomeric berberine had comparable DNA-binding affinity toward calf-thymus DNA, whereas trehalose-spaced dimeric berberine exhibited higher DNA-binding affinity. The potential application of these conjugates is also briefly discussed.